1. Today we will see how differences of opinion between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton lead to the two party system we still have today.

2. Vocabulary political parties:
a group of people who share the same political opinions and beliefs.
foreign policy:
a government's dealings and relations with other nations.
immigrant:
a person who moves to another country from his or her native land.

3. Vocabulary alien: an immigrant who has not yet become a citizen.
nullify:
to cause or declare a statement or law or decree to have no legal force
repeal:
to reverse or to cancel; usually a law
sedition:
actions or speech to create rebellion against a government.

4. What We Already Know
George Washington’s presidency lasted from 1789 – In his farewell address he advised against political parties as being harmful.
This goes a long way in explaining why so many people were opposed to the Constitution which established a more powerful central government.

5. What We Already Know Politically speaking, Thomas Jefferson and
Alexander Hamilton
disagreed on nearly every subject.
This goes a long way in explaining why so many people were opposed to the Constitution which established a more powerful central government.

6. JEFFERSON HAMILTON What We Already Know Strong central government.
Strong state government.
Manufacturing shipping and trade.
Agriculture
HAMILTON
JEFFERSON
Loose interpretation of the constitution.
Strict interpretation
This goes a long way in explaining why so many people were opposed to the Constitution which established a more powerful central government.
Favors national bank.
Opposes national bank.
Favors Britian.
Favors France.

7. Growth of Political Parties
These differences between Jefferson and Hamilton on foreign and domestic policy led to the nation’s first political parties.
This goes a long way in explaining why so many people were opposed to the Constitution which established a more powerful central government.

8. Growth of Political Parties
Jefferson along with James Madison founded the Democratic-Republican Party.
This goes a long way in explaining why so many people were opposed to the Constitution which established a more powerful central government.
Hamilton and his friends formed the Federalist Party.

9. Election of 1796
In 1796, the first election was held in which political parties competed. The Federalists picked Washington’s vice-president, John Adams, as their candidate for president.
This goes a long way in explaining why so many people were opposed to the Constitution which established a more powerful central government.

10. Election of 1796
His opponent was Jefferson. When the votes were counted, Adams, of the Federalist Party had 71 electoral college votes and Jefferson of the Democratic -Republican Party had 68.
This goes a long way in explaining why so many people were opposed to the Constitution which established a more powerful central government.

11. Election of 1796
At the time, the Constitution read, the person will the most votes shall be President and the person with the second most votes shall be Vice President.
This goes a long way in explaining why so many people were opposed to the Constitution which established a more powerful central government.

12. A and B Discuss
A President from one party and a Vice President from another party. Do you think this will cause any problems?
Do you think this could work today?
Be prepared to share your answers
with the class.

13. Problems with France
In 1797, with Britain and France still at war, the French began seizing U.S. ships to prevent them from trading with the British. Within the year, the French had looted more than 300 U.S. ships.
This goes a long way in explaining why so many people were opposed to the Constitution which established a more powerful central government.

14. XYZ Affair
Many Federalists wanted to go to war with the French over the looted US ships.
Instead, Adams sent three diplomats, Charles Pickney, John Marshall and Elbridge Gerry to negotiate with the French.
This goes a long way in explaining why so many people were opposed to the Constitution which established a more powerful central government.

15. XYZ Affair
The three American diplomats met with three French representatives whom, they simply referred to as X, Y and Z.
X Y and Z said they would set a meeting with the French Prime Minister only if the US was willing to pay a bribe.
This goes a long way in explaining why so many people were opposed to the Constitution which established a more powerful central government.
Video XYZ Affair

16. Alien And Sedition Acts
The conflict with France made Adams and the Federalists popular with
the public. Many Democratic Republicans, however, remained sympathetic to the French.
This goes a long way in explaining why so many people were opposed to the Constitution which established a more powerful central government.

17. Alien And Sedition Acts
One Democratic-Republican newspaper called Adams “the blasted tyrant of
America.” In turn, Federalists newspapers labeled
Democratic Republicans “democrats, mobcrats, and other kinds of rats.”
This goes a long way in explaining why so many people were opposed to the Constitution which established a more powerful central government.

18. Alien And Sedition Acts
Angered by criticism in a time of crisis, Adams blamed the Democratic-
Republican and
new immigrants.
Many of of whom
sided with the
Democratic-
Republicans.
This goes a long way in explaining why so many people were opposed to the Constitution which established a more powerful central government.

19. Alien And Sedition Acts
To silence their critics, the Federalist Congress passed the Alien and Sedition Acts in These acts
targeted aliens;
immigrants
who were not
yet citizens.
This goes a long way in explaining why so many people were opposed to the Constitution which established a more powerful central government.

20. Alien And Sedition Acts
One act increased the waiting period for becoming a U.S. citizen from 5 to 14 years. Other acts gave the president the power to arrest disloyal aliens or order them out of the country during wartime.
This goes a long way in explaining why so many people were opposed to the Constitution which established a more powerful central government.

21. Alien And Sedition Acts
A fourth act outlawed sedition; saying or writing anything false or harmful about the government.
This goes a long way in explaining why so many people were opposed to the Constitution which established a more powerful central government.

22. Alien And Sedition Acts
With these acts, the Federalists clamped down on freedom of speech and the press. About 25 Democratic-Republican newspaper editors were charged under this act, and 10 were convicted of expressing opinions damaging to the government.
This goes a long way in explaining why so many people were opposed to the Constitution which established a more powerful central government.

23. Alien And Sedition Acts
The Democratic-Republicans, led by Jefferson and Madison, searched for a way to fight the Alien and Sedition Acts. They found it in a theory called states’ rights. According to
this theory, states had rights
that the federal government
could not over rule.
This goes a long way in explaining why so many people were opposed to the Constitution which established a more powerful central government.

24. Alien And Sedition Acts
By 1799 Kentucky and Virginia were the only two states that passed resolutions supporting the states rights theory.
This goes a long way in explaining why so many people were opposed to the Constitution which established a more powerful central government.

25. Alien And Sedition Acts
However, in the election of 1800, the Democratic-
Republicans won control of Congress, and they either repealed the Alien and
Sedition Acts or let them expire between 1800 and 1802.
This goes a long way in explaining why so many people were opposed to the Constitution which established a more powerful central government.

26. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

27. All of the following are true of the Democratic-Republican's EXCEPT:
A. opposed a National Bank.
B. wanted an economy based on manufacturing and shipping.
C. supported a strict interpretation of the Constitution.
Yes. Both the Federalists and Anti-Federalists believed the Articles of Confederation were too weak.
Yes, they believed it should be shared, but with more of the power going to the Federal government. The Anti-Federalists wanted more power to the states.
No. Just the opposite.
No. The Federalists believed the Constitution was fine as is.
D. were pro-French

28. Who fought against the Alien and Sedition Acts?
A. Madison and Jefferson.
B. The Democratic-Republican Party
C. Adams and Washington
Yes. Both the Federalists and Anti-Federalists believed the Articles of Confederation were too weak.
Yes, they believed it should be shared, but with more of the power going to the Federal government. The Anti-Federalists wanted more power to the states.
No. Just the opposite.
No. The Federalists believed the Constitution was fine as is.
D. The Massachusetts legislature.
(Choose all that apply)

29. Be prepared to share your opinions.
A and B Discuss
Can you think of any connections or similarities between the Alien and Sedition Acts that are in our current news?
Be prepared to share your opinions.