By: Dr Anita Rani Anatomy Lecture 7th November 2016 Forearm and Hand By: Dr Anita Rani Anatomy Lecture 7th November 2016
Lesson Plan Identify skeleton and joints Muscles : attachments and location Action of Muscles on joints Nerves: course and branches Arteries : course and branches Fascia Applied Revision Questions
Skeleton and Joints
Muscles: Forearm 8 Superficial : cross elbow 1.Pronator teres 2. Flexor carpi radialis 3. Palmaris longus 4. Flexor carpi ulnaris 9. Supinator 10. Brachioradialis Intermediate 5. Flexor digitorum superficialis Deep: 6. Flexor Pollicis Longus 7. Flexor digitorum Profundus 8. Pronator Quadratus
Muscles : Hand 20 Thenar muscles: 4 Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis Adductor pollicis Lumbricals: 4 with tendons of FDP Interossei: Palmar 4 Dorsal 4 Hypothenar muscles: 4 Abductor Digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi Opponens digiti minimi Palmaris brevis
Supinator
Pronator Quadratus
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Pronator teres
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris & radialis
Brachioradialis
Thenar & Hypothenar muscles
Thenar & Hypothenar Muscles
lumbricals
Interossei dorsal palmar
Actions Elbow: Flexion : muscle crossing front of elbow BR, PT FCR, FCU, PL, FDS
Actions Radio-ulnar joints Pronation: PT, PQ Supination: Supinator
Actions at wrist joint Flexion: all muscles except…. Abduction: FCR Adduction: FCU
Actions at carpometacarpal joints: Ist: Abduction: APB Adduction: Adductor pollicis Flexion: Flexor pollicis longus, flexor pollicis brevis Opposition: opponens pollicis
Actions Metacarpo-phalangeal joints: Flexion: FDS, FDP, lumbricals, PI and DI Abduction: Dorsal interossei [ DAB] Adduction: Palmar interossei [PAD]
Actions Inter-phalangeal joints: Flexion: Proximal: FDS Distal: FDP Extension: Lumbricals, Dorsal and Palmar interossei
Nerves: Ulnar, Median and Radial
Nerves: Ulnar Elbow : lies behind medial epicondyle Enters forearm by passing b/w 2 heads of FCU In forearm runs b/w FDP and FDS Enters palm by passing superficial to flexor retinaculum b/w pisiform and ulnar vs Divides in to superficial and deep terminal branches
Ulnar nerve Contd… Superficial branch supply Palmaris brevis and skin of medial 1 &1/2 fingers. Deep branch passes backwards b/w flexor and abductor digiti minimi. Runs in the concavity of deep palmar arch. Ends by supplying adductor pollicis.
Ulnar Nerve
Ulnar nerve in Hand
Ulnar Nerve: branches/ supply FCU medial half of FDP Palmaris brevis 3 hypothenar muscles 3rd and 4th lumbricals All interossei Adductor pollicis Skin over hypothenar eminence. Skin of volar aspect of 1 & ½ fingers Skin of dorsum of hand and proximal parts of medial 2 & ½ fingers
Cutaneous innervation of Ulnar nerve
Median Nerve Main nerve of forearm In cubital fossa lies medial to brachial artery Enters forearm by passing between 2 heads of pronator teres Separated from ulnar artery by deep head of pronator teres Runs on the surface of FDP deep to FDS 5 cm above flexor retinaculum lies b/w FCR & FDS Overlapped by the tendon of Palmaris longus
Median nerve
Nerves: Median Enters the palm by passing deep to flexor retinaculum in carpal tunnel Breaks into medial and lateral branch Lateral branch gives off recurrent branch that curve around distal border of FR to supply thenar muscles & 3 digital branches Medial branch gives out 2 digital branches
Median Nerve : branches/supply Muscles: PT, FCR, PL, & FDS Via anterior interosseous nerve: FPL, PQ & radial half of FDP Palmar cutaneous branch: skin over thenar eminence & central part of palm In Hand: 5 muscles: 3 thenar muscles and 2 lumbricals skin of lateral 3 & ½ digits
Cutaneous innervation :Median nerve
Arteries of forearm and hand Nerves: Median Nerves: Median
Superficial and Deep Palmar Arches
Carpal Tunnel
Flexor Retinaculum
Palmar Aponeurosis and synovial sheaths of tendons
Ulnar nerve injury Which muscles are paralysed? What do you understand by deformity?
Median nerve injury
Which of the following muscle of forearm helps in flexion at elbow? a. flexor digitorum profundus b. flexor pollicis longus C. pronator quadratus D. pronator teres
Which of the following nerve supplies skin over terminal phalanx of index finger? Median nerve Ulnar nerve Radial nerve Musculocutaneous nerve