1. Vol 2.
Movements of the Shoulder
Forearm-2
Hand

2. Muscles Producing Movementa Nerve to Muscles
Movement of Scapula
Muscles Producing Movementa
Nerve to Muscles
Range of Movement (Angular Rotation; Linear Displacement)
Elevation
Trapezius, descending part Levator scapulae Rhomboids
Spinal accessory (CN XI) Dorsal scapular
10-12 cm
Depression
Gravity Pectoralis major, inferior sternocostal head Latissimus dorsi Trapezius, ascending part Serratus anterior, inferior part Pectoralis minor
Pectoral nerves Thoracodorsal Spinal accessory (CN XI) Long thoracic Medial pectoral
Protraction
Serratus anterior Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor
Long thoracic Pectoral nerves Medial pectoral
40-45°; 15 cm
Retraction
Trapezius, middle part Rhomboids Latissimus dorsi
Spinal accessory (CN XI) Dorsal scapular Thoracodorsal
Upward rotationa
Trapezius, descending part Trapezius, ascending part Serratus anterior, inferior part
Spinal accessory (CN XI) Long thoracic
60°; inferior angle: cm, superior angle: 5-6 cm
Downward rotationb
Gravity Levator scapulae Rhomboids Latissimus dorsi Pectoralis minor Pectoralis major, inferior sternocostal head
Dorsal scapular Thoracodorsal Medial pectoral Pectoral nerves

3. Principal muscles acting on the shoulder joint
Abductors
Supraspinatus
Deltoid
Adductors
Pectoralis major
Lattisimus dorsi
Extensors
Teres major
Deltoid (posterior fibres)
Flexors
Coracobrachialis
Deltoid (anterior fibres)
Medial rotators
Subscapularis
 Lateral rotators
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

4. Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Function Deltoid
Lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Axillary nerve
Clavicular (anterior) part: flexes and medially rotates arm
Acromial (middle) part: abducts arm
Spinal (posterior) part: extends and laterally rotates arm
Supraspinatus
Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Suprascapular nerve
Initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of arm and acts with rotator cuff muscles
Infraspinatus
Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Laterally rotates arm; and acts with rotator cuff muscles
Teres minor
Middle part of lateral border of scapula
Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Teres major
Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Inferior subscapular nerve
Adducts and medially rotates arm
Subscapularis
Subscapular fossa (most of anterior surface of scapula)
Lesser tubercle of humerus
Sup. & Inf. subscapular nerves
Medially rotates arm; as part of rotator cuff, helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity

6. Muscles of the superficial layer
flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
palmaris longus
pronator teres
two heads
Ulnar head
Humeral head
Medial epicondyle

7. Muscles of the superficial layer
flexor carpi radialis
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Base of metacarpals II & III
2. flexor carpi ulnaris
Humeral head: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Ulnar head: Olecranon & Posterior border of ulna
•Pisiform & hamate
•5th metacarpal
3. palmaris longus
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Flexor retinaculum & palmar aponeurosis
4. pronator teres
Humeral head: Medial epicondyle & adjacent supraepicondylar ridge
Ulnar head: Coronoid process
Lateral surface of radius

8. Shafts of middle phalanges of
3. ..the muscles of the intermediate and deep layers?
Muscles of the intermediate layer
flexor digitorum superficialis
Humeroulnar head
• Medial epicondyle of humerus
• Adjacent margin of coronoid process
Radial head
Superior half of anterior border
Shafts of middle phalanges of
medial four digits

9. Muscles of the deep layer
3. ..the muscles of the intermediate and deep layers?
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus
Proximal ¾ of medial & anterior surfaces of ulna
Interosseous membrane
Anterior surface of radius
Adjacent interosseous membrane
Distal ¼ of anterior surface of ulna
Distal ¼ of anterior surface of radius
Bases of distal phalanges of 4th & 5th digits
Bases of distal phalanges of 2nd & 3rd digits
Base of distal phalanx of thumb

10. Fxns of the anterior compartment muscles
Flexion of the elbow joint
Pronator teres
Flexion of the wrist joint
Flexor carpi radialis et ulnaris- Palmaris longus
Abduction (radial deviation) of the wrist joint
Flexor carpi radialis
Adduction (ulnar deviation) of the wrist joint
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Pronation of forearm
Pronator teres – Pronator quadratus

11. intrinsic muscles of the hand
Palmaris brevis
Thenar muscles
Abductor pollicis brevis
Abductor
digiti minimi
Hypothenar muscles
Opponens
pollicis
Adductor pollicis
Flexor
digiti minimi
Flexor pollicis brevis
Lumbrical
Interossei

12. functions the intrinsic muscles of the hand
Palmar interossei
adduct the thumb, index, ring, and little fingers with respect to a long axis through the middle finger
Dorsal interossei
major abductors of the index, middle, and ring fingers, at the metacarpophalangeal joints

13. Lumbricals functions the intrinsic muscles of the hand
flexing metacarpophalangeal joints
extending interphalangeal joints
medial two deep branch of the ulnar nerve
lateral two median nerve

14. How are the intrinsic muscles innervated?
All of the intrinsic muscles of the hand
by deep branch of the ulnar nerve
Except
three thenar & two lateral lumbrical muscles
by median nerve

15. Superficial palmar arch
....arteries of the hand
Superficial palmar arch
Deep palmar arch

16. ...sensory innervation of the hand
Ulnar nerve medial side of the palm, medial half of the dorsum of the hand, the 5th finger, and the medial half of the 4th finger, anterior surfaces of the medial one and a half digits,
Median nerve thumb,index,middle fingers,lateral side of the ring [distal parts on the dorsum of the hand]
Radial nerve dorsolateral side

17. THANK YOU!
SEE VOL.3
Thigh
Popliteal fossa