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Focus 5/14 The ideas of the Enlightenment led to questioning of absolute rule and divine right. Some absolutists adopted select ideas from the Enlightenment and became known as Enlightened Despots. Others, like Louis XVI of France, held onto absolutism and this led to the French Revolution. Points for Discussion: What were some ideas of Enlightened thinkers like John Locke? Term to Know: Revolution Critical Lens: The Enlightenment led to revolutions in the Americas and France.

Absolutism Total control of the state Absolute rulers in Europe Philip II of Spain Louis XIV of France Peter and Catherine “the great” of Russia

Divine Right God gives you the right to rule

Absolutism in Spain Philip II Wealth from Americas builds Spain’s economy Absolute ruler of Spain that hits a golden age Literature Cervantes wrote Don Quixote Art- El Greco Spanish Armada-

Absolutism in France Louis XIV -expands bureaucracy -revokes Edict of Nantes Causing Huguenots to flee from France -builds Europe’s biggest army -becomes a powerhouse in Europe -replaces Italian Renaissance culture as Europe’s biggest influence - Says “I am the state”

Russia Muslims blocked Russia from the rest of the world Caused a heavy Muslim influence in that area of the world Art, architecture, religion

Russia Peter the great Wanted to make Russia like the west Build city of St Petersburg to show great wealth Beard tax Wanted a warm water sea port Could trade year round Created a great army and expanded his land Never got access to a warm water port Catherine “the great” Achieves goal of gaining access to warm water port

England The Magna Carta makes it hard for Monarchs to have absolute power Parliament keeps monarchs in control

The Glorious Revolution Called the glorious revolution because of the huge change without blood shed England establishes a limited monarchy under William and Mary after the glorious revolution

Scientific revolution Scientist begin to use observation and reason to explain the natural world. Encouraged new idea and thinking

Enlightenment To apply scientific method in order to improve society. John Locke – natural rights of life, liberty, and property Voltaire – all men have the right to free speech Montesquieu – government should be divided into departments Adam Smith – Free Market -laissez fair means hands off **Enlightenment challenges absolutism**

Possible short answer questions Explain how the Magna Carta made it difficult for an absolute ruler to take control of England Explain how the scientific Revolution helped lead the way for the Enlightenment Explain the Divine right theory Explain what it means to be an absolute ruler and name at least 2 nations that had absolute rulers