1. Absolute Monarchy vs. Constitutional Monarchy
(summing up)

2. Absolute Monarchy
A government in which the ruler has unlimited power and seeks to control all aspects of society
Divine-Right

3. Attempts to create a common culture / religion
Ruler
Philip II
Louis XIV
Peter I
Dates / Country/ Dynasty
Spain / Hapsburg
France / Bourbon /
Russia / Romanov
Religion
Catholic
Eastern Orthodox
Attempts to create a common culture / religion
Fights Protestants / Jews/ Muslims in empire expels them
“Most Catholic King”
Gold from new world funds Golden Age
Repeals Edict of Nantes (expelling Huguenots)
Funds the Arts to make France a cultural leader
Colbert increases mercantilistic control of goods and infrastructure
Abolishes Patriarchs & creates “Holy Synod”
Westernization of culture and learning
Attempts to increase kings / decrease nobles’ power
Did not rely on nobles to administer his kingdom
Declares “I am the state” and rules according to Divine-Right policy
Forces nobles to live with him at Versailles to keep them in check
The “Sun King”
Forces boyars to work for the government in order to keep their land & position
Create a new bureaucracy loyal only to king
Uses Intendants (middle class officials) instead of nobles to run government
Creates a new class of nobles loyal only to him called Dvorianie
Table of Ranks!
Wars of expansion
Attempts invasion of England  Spanish Armada destroyed
Tries to conquer the Netherlands –(fails)
War of Spanish Succession – tries to ensure his grandson will inherit Spain and France (unsuccessful)
Fights Sweden to gain a “Window on the West” or Baltic Port for European trade he names “St. Petersburg”

4. Louis XIV’s Legacy Versailles French Colonial Empire
Absolute power to French Kings
Resentment of Nobles
High taxes on Poor
Costly – Mostly unsuccessful wars to dominate Europe
French Art / Fashion

5. Colonial Empire
Louis and the arts

6. Peter the Great’s Legacy
St. Petersburg – Window on West
1st Newspaper
Raised women’s status
Modern education and technology to Russia
1st Navy
Westernization – adopted European styles making Russia more a part of Western Europe

9. Philip II’s Legacy
Gold / silver brought in from Americas funds Spain’s Golden Age
Cervantes: Don Quixote / El Greco
Gold / Silver  Inflation
Expulsion of Middle class Jews / Muslims  economic decline
Wars against Protestants in Netherlands and England  Economic decline and defeat of Armada
Dutch win Independence Golden Age

11. Constitutional Monarchy
A government in which the ruler’s power is limited by laws (the king or queen cannot break or change these laws at will)

12. England Parliament has rights the king can’t overrule
Magna Carta (1215)
English Civil War (1640’s)
Glorious Revolution (1688)
English Bill of Rights (1689) – kings must obey the laws created by Parliament – signed by William of Orange & Mary