The Progressive Era, 1890–1920 The nation faces social and political problems at the turn of the 20th century. People work in various ways to solve these problems. President Theodore Roosevelt delivering a speech. NEXT

The Progressive Era, 1890–1920 SECTION 1 Roosevelt and Progressivism Taft and Wilson as Progressives SECTION 3 Women Win New Rights NEXT

Roosevelt and Progressivism Section 1 Roosevelt and Progressivism Reformers try to solve the problems of the cities. They gain a champion in Theodore Roosevelt. NEXT

Roosevelt and Progressivism 1 SECTION Roosevelt and Progressivism The Rise of Progressivism • Rapid growth of U.S. cities brings many problems, including: - poverty - spread of slums - poor conditions in factories • Reform movements organize, believe in goodness of people, democracy • Reform movements come to be grouped under the label progressivism. Continued . . . NEXT

• Progressive reformers share at least 1 of 3 basic goals: SECTION continued The Rise of Progressivism • Writers called muckrakers expose corruption, create demand for reform Image • Progressive reformers share at least 1 of 3 basic goals: - reform government, expand democracy - promote social welfare - create economic reform NEXT

Reforming Government and Expanding Democracy 1 SECTION Reforming Government and Expanding Democracy • Patronage—elected officials give jobs, contracts for political support • Pendleton Civil Service Act (1883): - requires people to take civil service exam for certain government jobs - stops officials from firing civil service workers for political reasons Continued . . . NEXT

• Wisconsin becomes first state to establish a direct primary 1 SECTION continued Reforming Government and Expanding Democracy • Wisconsin becomes first state to establish a direct primary • Direct primary—voters not party choose candidates • Newspaper editor William S. U’Ren promotes 3 more reforms: - initiative—allows voters to propose a law directly - referendum—proposed law is submitted to vote of the people - recall—allows people to vote an official out of office NEXT

Promoting Social Welfare 1 SECTION Promoting Social Welfare • Movements deal with poverty, unemployment, bad working conditions • Jane Addams helps poor at Hull House, helps unemployed • Florence Kelley pushes for minimum wage laws, limits on working hours Image • Prohibitionists work to prevent alcohol from ruining people’s lives NEXT

Creating Economic Reform 1 SECTION Creating Economic Reform • Economic reform limits, regulates big business • Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890: - illegal for corporations to use trusts to gain control of industries - government does not enforce law at first • Enforcement requires a strong president NEXT

Roosevelt and the Square Deal 1 SECTION Roosevelt and the Square Deal • Theodore Roosevelt—1st progressive U.S. president • Runs on Republican ticket, President McKinley’s vice president (1900) • After inauguration, McKinley killed, Roosevelt becomes president • Sees government as an umpire: - ensure fairness, “square deal” for workers, consumers, big business • Uses Sherman Antitrust Act to bust up railroad trust, Standard Oil Image • U.S. government files suit against 44 corporations NEXT

Roosevelt Leads Progressive Reforms 1 SECTION Roosevelt Leads Progressive Reforms • Voters pressure senators, representatives to pass reforms • Roosevelt signs Meat Inspection Act (1906): - creates government meat inspection program • Signs Pure Food and Drug Act: - bans the sale of impure foods and medicines • Does not take political risk by leading fight for civil rights NEXT

Conservation 1 • Roosevelt, a strong crusader for conservation SECTION Conservation • Roosevelt, a strong crusader for conservation • Conservation—controlling the use of America’s natural resources • Sets up 1st wildlife refuge, doubles number of U.S. national parks Map • Uses Antiquities Act to preserve the Grand Canyon, Petrified Forest NEXT

Taft and Wilson as Progressives Section 2 Taft and Wilson as Progressives Progressive reforms continue under William Howard Taft and Woodrow Wilson. NEXT

Taft and Wilson as Progressives 2 SECTION Taft and Wilson as Progressives Taft and Progressivism • Republican William Howard Taft wins presidential election (1908) Image • Continues Roosevelt’s attack on trusts, addresses progressive goals: - democracy, social welfare, economic reform • Receives less credit because of alliance with conservative Republicans NEXT

Two Progressive Amendments 2 SECTION Two Progressive Amendments • Sixteenth Amendment (1909): - gives Congress power to create income taxes - spreads cost of running government among more people Chart • Seventeenth Amendment (1913): - provides direct election of U.S. senators by voters in each state - senators no longer can obtain positions through corrupt bargains NEXT

2 SECTION The Election of 1912 • Conservative Republicans back President Taft, wins party’s nomination • Progressive Republicans back Theodore Roosevelt, form Bull Moose Party • Democrats choose Governor Woodrow Wilson as presidential candidate • Eugene Debs enters presidential race as Socialist candidate • Republicans deeply divided, Wilson wins the election Chart NEXT

The Wilson Presidency 2 • Clayton Antitrust Act (1914): SECTION The Wilson Presidency • Clayton Antitrust Act (1914): - sets rules forbidding business practices that lessen competition - gives government more power to regulate trusts - allows labor unions, farm organizations to merge, expand - limits power of courts to force workers to end strikes - legalizes labor tactics like strikes, picketing, boycotts Continued . . . NEXT

• Federal Reserve Act (1913): 2 SECTION continued The Wilson Presidency • Federal Reserve Act (1913): - improves nation’s monetary, banking system - allows banks to control money supplies • Wilson approves segregation of black, white federal employees • Does not promote civil rights for African Americans NEXT

The Eighteenth Amendment 2 SECTION The Eighteenth Amendment • Supporters of prohibition gain strength during Wilson’s presidency • Congress passes 18th Amendment (1917): - prohibits manufacture, sale of alcoholic beverages Chart NEXT

Women Win New Rights Section 3 Women become leaders in social reform movements and win the right to vote during the Progressive Era. NEXT

Women Win New Rights New Roles for Women 3 SECTION Women Win New Rights New Roles for Women • Technological advances reduce work at home, families get smaller Image • Schools offer courses that teach women latest homemaking methods • More women take jobs in factories, offices, stores • Some get college education, pursue professions like nursing, teaching • If financially possible, women expected to quit jobs when they marry NEXT

Women Progressives 3 • Partake in social reform movements that SECTION Women Progressives • Partake in social reform movements that help others • Jane Addams starts Hull House, helps immigrants, unemployed find jobs • Hull House provides day nurseries, training for public services • Carry Nation campaigns for prohibition, helps passage 18th Amendment Image NEXT

Suffrage for Women 3 • 2 woman suffrage groups merge SECTION Suffrage for Women • 2 woman suffrage groups merge • Form National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) • Elizabeth Cady Stanton is 1st president • Susan B. Anthony becomes group’s president (1892) • NAWSA focuses on state campaigns to win right to vote • By 1914, 11 Western states approved suffrage Map NEXT

The Nineteenth Amendment 3 SECTION The Nineteenth Amendment • Tide turns in favor of woman suffrage, U.S. enters WW I (1917) • Carrie Chapman Catt president of NAWSA • Catt argues U.S. cannot deny vote to women who support war effort • President Wilson urges Senate to pass woman suffrage amendment • U.S. states ratify Nineteenth Amendment (1920): - gives women full voting rights Image NEXT

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