…and the control of movement. The Nervous System- Ch. 6 …and the control of movement.

How does the Nervous System facilitate movement? LEQ: How does the Nervous System facilitate movement?

Human Movement Body Systems Involved in Movement: Bones, Muscles, and Joints But what control these movements? The Nervous System- Gathers information Stores information Processes information Responds to information

The Nervous System: Gathers information about conditions affecting the body, both external and internal Analyzes the information and decides on a response Comprised of several interrelated subsystems (2 Components)

Two Components The Central Nervous System Made up of the brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System Controls other bodily functions Ex: heart beat, digestive system, muscular control (both involuntary and voluntary)

Two Components of the N.S.:

The CNS: The Spinal Cord Main pathway for information connecting the brain and the peripheral nervous system Acts as a “bridge” 17-18 inches in length Thicker at its superior and inferior ends Sends sensory information towards the CNS and away from the CNS

The Central Nervous System: The Brain Main control center of the body (computer or engine of the body) Sends commands to the body Controls emotions Constantly receiving, interpreting, and sending signals and information

With your partner: On page 95 & 96 in the book: Make a poster describing one of the 6 areas of the brain. Include the FUNCTION Include examples of what it controls in the body Include a picture of the area in the brain (use health book pg. 518) Be able to present to the class (class will use information on a worksheet)

Functions of the brain: Cerebrum- Controls sensory & motor activities and is the center of emotions Cerebellum Coordinates muscle movement & balance Brain Stem Links to the spinal cord and controls autonomic function and postural control

Functions of the brain: Diencephalon Consists of the thalamus & hypothalamus Relays sensory stimuli and awareness of pain Controls body temperature & appetite Limbic System Controls hunger, aggression, & emotional drives Reticular Activation System Directs information to appropriate centers for interpretation Maintains consciousness

Nervous System Videos: Pinky and The Brain Sing School House ROCK

The Peripheral Nervous System: Consists of parts outside the CNS (outside the brain and spinal cord) 12 pairs of cranial nerves 31 pairs of spinal nerves Each pair has motor nerves (efferent nerves) that carry information from the CNS sensory nerves (afferent nerves) that carry information to the CNS

Cranial and Spinal Nerves:

The Autonomic Nervous System: Regulates involuntary muscles (cardiac and smooth) Causes our bodies to adjust to changes Ex: sweating, increased heart rate

2 branches of the Autonomic Nervous System: Sympathetic- prepares body for emergencies Release of adrenaline, increase of heart rate, widening of blood vessels. Fight or flight Parasympathetic- helps return the body back to normal Decreases heart rate

The Somatic Nervous System: Regulates voluntary muscles (skeletal) Receives and processes information from receptors in the skin, muscles, tendons, joints Gives us sensation of touch, pain, heat, cold, balance, muscle action

How does muscle fiber know how much to contract, when to relax, or how to coordinate with other muscles? Special receptors called PROPRIOCEPTORS- provide sensory info about the state of muscle contraction, position of body limbs, posture and balance

Proprioceptors Golgi tendon organs- (GTOs) positioned to detect increased tension exerted on the tendon, and to protect against excessive tension. Muscle Spindles- sends signals to the spinal cord about changes in muscle length, and helps maintain muscle contraction. Involved in reflex contractions (Patella Reflex)

Review: What are the four FUNCTIONS of the Nervous System? Collects Information Stores Information Processes Information Uses Information to signal action

Anatomy Review: What are the THREE bones in the arm? Circle the bone that is located on the thumb side of the arm. Identify the type of nerve A and B are: Motor (Efferent Nerve) Sensory (Afferent Nerve)

Spinal Cord Injuries: Caused by damage to the spinal cord and may result from direct injury to the cord itself indirectly from damage to surrounding bones, tissue, or blood vessels Can result from motor vehicle accidents, falls, sports injuries, gunshot wounds, or assault.

Spinal Cord Injuries: Minor spinal cord injury can occur when the spine is weakened

Spinal Cord Injuries: Reflex testing is used to diagnose spinal cord injuries Weak, exaggerated, or absent reflex responses may indicate a problem Reflex testing is also used to test for serious brain injuries

Spinal Cord Injuries: 31 pairs of spinal nerves flowing from the spinal cord When the spinal cord is injured, the damage to the spine affects its ability to send impulses

Spinal Cord Injuries: Where there is serious injury to the spinal cord, the nerves above the injury keeps working Paraplegic- injury prevents movement in the legs, but not the arms. Quadriplegic- injury prevents movement of both arms and legs.

The Spinal Cord:

Head Injuries: Concussion- results from a blow, shaking the brain within the skull, and causes injury to nerve fibers. May be mild or severe Do not have to be hit to suffer a concussion

Head and Spinal Injuries: Pg. 104-107 Describe the two scans that are used to detect and diagnose health problems. What kind of technology is being used/how do they work? Symptoms of concussions: 1.What are 3 changes in behavior? 2. What are 2 things a person may be unaware of? 3. What are 4 other symptoms or feelings?