1. Anatomy and Physiology
11/18/2013

2. Time Line 11/4 Introductions/Rules/Integumentary pre-test
11/11 Integumentary System (pg14-31)
11/18 Integumentary System(pg14-31)
12/2 Nervous System (1-13)
12/9 Nervous System (1-13)
12/16 Immune System (32-45)
1/6 Immune System(32-45)
1/14 Wright State Invitational

3. The Nervous System Two main divisions Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain
Spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Somatic Nervous System
Voluntary
Info relayed to and from skin and muscle
Autonomic Nervous System
Involuntary
Information relayed to internal organs

4. Autonomic Nervous System
Has to main divisions
Sympathetic Nervous System
Controls organs during times of stress
Fight of Flight
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Controls organs during times or rest
Normal every day conditions

5. Autonomic Nervous System

6. The Neuron Composed of… Cell Body Dendrites Axon Myelin Sheath
Contains nucleus and most of cytoplasm
Dendrites
Receives stimulus sends it towards cell body
Axon
Carries impulses away from cell body
Myelin Sheath
Lipid layer that insulates axon
Schwan Cells
Produce the myelin sheath
Nodes of Ranvier
Gaps in myelin sheath

7. The Neuron Three kinds Sensory Neuron Motor Neuron Interneuron
Bring messages to CNS
Motor Neuron
Carry messages to CNS
Interneuron
Between sensory and motor neurons in CNS

8. Impulse This is how messages are propagated along a neuron.
Caused by a stimulus in the environment
All or nothing
Impulses are of equal strength and self propagating
Movement of ions across the cell membrane of a neuron
Excitability: Ability of a neuron to react to a stimulus to convert it to an impulse

9. Synapse
Small gap between axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another
Chemicals (neurotransmitters) are released into the synapse to start the impulse of the next neuron or an effector (muscle or gland)
The small junction insures one way transmission of impulse

10. Reflex arc Receptor reacts to stimulus Impulse conducted to CNS
Internuron
Impulse conducted from CNS to effector
Effector response
Reflex arc
Afferent Pathway
Efferent Pathway
Spinal Reflex
(does not involve higher brain centers)

11. Peripheral Nervous System
Concists of …
12 pair of Cranial nerves
Attach at under surface of the brain
31 pair of Spinal nerves
Attach at spinal cord

12. Central Nervous System
Brain
Brain stem
Medulla
Midbrain
Pons
Diencephalon
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Spinal Cord

13. Meninges
Three layers that surround brain and spinal cord that cushion and provide nutrition
Dura Matter
Outer most
Very tough
Arachnoid Matter
Middle layer
Connects to inner layers through web-like attachments
Pia Matter
Inner layer
Thin, transparent, and tough
Cerebrospinal fluid
Buffers, nourishes, and detoxifies brain
Flows through sub-arachnoid space between the arachnoid and pia matter

14. Regions of the Brain Cerebellum Cerebrum Thalamus Medulla Brain Stem
Coordination of movement
Involved with motor learning(muscle memory)
Cerebrum
Conscious activity such as emotion, thought, perception, and planning
Thalamus
Switch board of the brain
Medulla
Vital reflexes
Heart beat
Respiration
Brain Stem
Involuntary responses
Relays info from spine to upper brain
Hypothalamus
Regulates activities of internal organs
Monitors info from Autonomic nervous system
Controls pituitary gland and its hormones
Regulates sleep and appetite
Make sure you study the Cerebellum and Cerebrum from your packet, we will have a quiz next time.