1. 3.02 Understand the functions of the nervous system
3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system 1 1

2. 3.02 Essential Questions What are the functions of the nervous system?
How does the nervous system relate to the body’s communication systems?
3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system 2

3. Functions of the nervous system: Neurons
Transmit messages from one cell to the next
Have a nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane 3

4. Functions of the nervous system: Neurons
Types of Neurons:
Sensory (afferent):
come from the skin or sense organs and carry messages or impulses toward the spinal cord and brain
Motor (efferent):
carries messages from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands
Associative (interneurons):
carry impulses from the sensory
neuron to the motor neuron. 4

5. Functions of the peripheral nervous system: Autonomic nervous system5

6. Functions of the Central Nervous System: Brain
Think about it…
How do you use your brain?
3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system 6

7. Functions of the central nervous system: Brain
How do you use your Cerebrum?
Frontal lobe: emotions, personality, morality, intellect, speech
Parietal lobe: sensory, motor, pain, heat and touch
Occipital lobe: vision
Temporal lobe:
hearing and smelling

8. Functions of the central nervous system: Brain
How do you use your limbic system?
What is the limbic system?
Influences unconscious, instinctive behaviors, generally relating to survival
What structures are involved?
Encircles the top of the brain stem (limbic means border) 8

9. Functions of the central nervous system: Brain
How do you use your limbic system?
What are the functions of the limbic system?
Plays a role in expression of instincts, drives and emotions
Mediates the effects of the moods on external behavior
Influences internal changes in bodily functions
Association of feelings with sensations such as sight and smell and the formation of memories
Can you control limbic system?
Almost all under unconscious control 9

10. Functions of the central nervous system: Brain
your limbic system at work!
What’s happening in these pictures? Can you control it?

11. Functions of the central nervous system: Brain How do you use your cerebellum?
Functions of the cerebellum:
Controls all body functions
Relation to skeletal muscles including balance and muscle tone
Coordination of muscle movements 11
cerebellum

12. Functions of the central nervous system: BRAIN
Diencephalon
Located between the cerebrum and the midbrain
Structures
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pineal body
Pituitary gland
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

13. Functions of the central nervous system: BRAIN
Diencephalon
Thalamus
spherical mass of gray matter
Acts as a relay station for incoming and outgoing nerve impulses to the cerebrum

14. Functions of the central nervous system: BRAIN
Diencephalon
Hypothalamus
Part of limbic system
Considered the “brain” of the brain
Through the use of feedback, the hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland to release its hormones

15. Functions of the central nervous system: BRAIN
Diencephalon
Hypothalamus regulates:
Hormone levels
Temperature
Water balance
Thirst
Appetite
Some emotions (pleasure and fear)

16. Functions of the central nervous system: BRAIN
Diencephalon
Pineal body is an interface with the endocrine system (the other control system)
Responsible for the secretion of melatonin (body clock)

17. Functions of the central nervous system: BRAIN
Diencephalon
Pituitary gland
Secretes hormones for various body functions
Will be discussed in Endocrine system

18. Functions of the central nervous system: Brain
How do you use your brain stem?
Midbrain:
Vision
Hearing
Pons
Controls respiration
Medulla oblongata
Heart rate
Blood pressure

19. Functions of the central nervous system: Spinal Cord
Functions of the spinal cord.
Reflex center
Conduction pathway to and from the brain (road map)
Brain
Body
Structures 19

20. Functions of the Peripheral nervous system
Cranial
Spinal
Peripheral nerves:
are all of the nerves of the body and ganglia
the ANS is a specialized part of PNS
What is their relevance to health?
Responsible for all nerve functions,
both sensory and motor
Also called
sensory-somatic
nervous system

21. Functions of the peripheral nervous system: Autonomic nervous system21

22. Functions of the nervous system
Discuss the relevance of the nervous system to the body’s communication systems. 22

23. 3.02 Essential Questions What are the functions of the nervous system?
How does the nervous system relate to the body’s communication systems?
3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system 23