2005-06 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) Key Findings

Contents About NFHS-3 Household and individual haracteristics Fertility, marriage and family planning Maternal health Immunization and child health care Nutritional status HIV knowledge, behaviour and prevalence NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Overview NFHS-3 is the third in the NFHS series of surveys, preceded by NFHS-1 in 1992-93 and NFHS-2 in 1998-99 NFHS surveys are conducted under the stewardship of MoHFW IIPS is the nodal agency for the National Family Health Surveys NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Contd.… NFHS-3 is funded by USAID, DFID, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, UNICEF, and UNFPA Macro International provided technical assistance to NFHS-3 NACO and NARI provided assistance for the HIV component NFHS-3 fieldwork was carried out by 18 Research Organizations including some Population Research Centres NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Scope of NFHS-3 All 29 states are covered Slum and non-slum areas of eight cities, i.e. Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Indore, Kolkata, Meerut, Mumbai, Nagpur Interviews were conducted with Women age 15-49 Men age 15-54 NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Biomarkers Measured in NFHS-3 Height and weight Haemoglobin content in the blood to measure anaemia Collection of blood samples for HIV testing NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

NFHS-3 Sample for 29 states Number Interviewed Response Rate Households 109,041 97.7 Women (age 15-49) 124,385 94.5 Men (age 15-54) 74,369 87.1 NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Contents About NFHS-3 Household and Individual Characteristics Fertility, Marriage and Family Planning Maternal Health Immunization and Child Health Nutritional Status of Children and Adults HIV Knowledge, Behaviour and Prevalence NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Selected Household Characteristics Percent of households Source:Table 2.11, Table 2.12, Table 2.13, Table 2.14 NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

68% of households have electricity, up from 60% in NFHS-2 NFHS-3 finds some improvements in the household environment since NFHS-2 68% of households have electricity, up from 60% in NFHS-2 88% of households use an improved source of drinking water Only 29% of households have improved toilet facilities NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

73% of urban households and 30% of rural households possess a TV Media Exposure 73% of urban households and 30% of rural households possess a TV Source:Education: Women: Table 3.2.1 and Men Table 3.2.2; Media Expoure: Women: Table 3.5.1 and Table 3.5.2 NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Education Source:Education: Women: Table 3.2.1 and Men Table 3.2.2; Media Expoure: Women: Table 3.5.1 and Table 3.5.2 NFHS-3 shows that even among those in the age group 15-19, only 89% of men and 74% of women are literate NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Measuring Health Inequities NFHS-3 provides information on key population, health, and nutrition indicators for socially and economically vulnerable groups to examine health inequities Caste/tribe status Wealth status Slum/non-slum population in eight cities NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

What is the wealth index? Uses information on 33 household assets and housing characteristics, such as ownership of consumer items, type of dwelling, source of water, and availability of electricity Combines this information into a single wealth index, using a scientific method of assigning weights to individual components The household population is divided into five equal groups of 20% each (quintiles) at the national level from 1 (lowest, poorest) to 5 (highest, wealthiest) NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Caste/Tribe Status NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Wealth Index Variables The NFHS-3 wealth index is based on the following 33 assets and housing characteristics: household electrification; type of windows; drinking water source; type of toilet facility; type of flooring; material of exterior walls; type of roofing; cooking fuel; house ownership; number of household members per sleeping room; ownership of a bank or post-office account; and ownership of a mattress, a pressure cooker, a chair, a cot/bed, a table, an electric fan, a radio/transistor, a black and white television, a colour television, a sewing machine, a mobile telephone, any other telephone, a computer, a refrigerator, a watch or clock, a bicycle, a motorcycle or scooter, an animal-drawn cart, a car, a water pump, a thresher, and a tractor. NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Distribution of Households by Wealth Index and Residence NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Distribution of Households by Wealth Index and Caste NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Proportion of Households in the Highest Two Wealth Quintiles by State NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Contents About NFHS-3 Household and Individual Characteristics Fertility, Marriage and Family Planning Maternal Health Immunization and Child Health Nutritional Status of Children and Adults HIV Knowledge, Behaviour and Prevalence NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Total Fertility Rate NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Percent of women age 20-24 married by age 18 Marital Status Percent of women age 20-24 married by age 18 NFHS-3 NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Current Contraceptive Use by Method Percent of currently married women age 15-49 Source: Table 5.7 NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Trends in Contraceptive Use by Method Percent of currently married women age 15-49 NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Desire for No More Children among Women with 2 Children Source: Fact sheet NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Contents About NFHS-3 Household and individual characteristics Fertility, Marriage and Family Planning Maternal health care Immunization and child health care Nutritional status of children and adults HIV knowledge, behaviour and Prevalence NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Trends in Antenatal Care Source: Table 8.23 NFHS-3, India, 2005-06 * For last births in the past 3 years

(for most recent birth in the last 5 years) Maternity Care (for most recent birth in the last 5 years) NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Institutional Delivery NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Contents About NFHS-3 Household and Individual characteristics Fertility, Marriage and Family Planning Maternal Health Immunization and Child Health Nutritional Status of Children and Adults HIV Knowledge, Behaviour and Prevalence NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Infant Mortality Rate NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Infant Mortality Rates 6 11 27 64 79 65 57 India LDC MDC Bangladesh Pakistan Nepal Sri Lanka China NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Child Immunization Trends Percent of children age 12-23 months vaccinated NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Trends in Treatment of Childhood Diarrhoea with ORS Percent of children under age 3 with diarrhoea in the past 2 weeks NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Percentage Received Any ORT or Increased Fluids by State NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Contents About NFHS-3 Household and individual characteristics Fertility and its determinants Maternal health care Immunization and child health care Nutritional status of children and adults HIV knowledge, behaviour and Prevalence NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Trends in Child Nutritional Status Percent of children age under 3 years (Low-height-for-age) (Low-weight-for-height) (Low-weight-for- age) NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Anaemia among Children Percent of children 6-35 months with anaemia Source: Table 4.10 NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

How Many Children Receive Services from an AWC? Percent of age-eligible children in areas with an AWC NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Nutritional Status of Adults Percent of women and men age 15-49 NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Malnutrition of Women by Residence and Education Percent of women age 15-49 NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Malnutrition of Men by Residence and Education Percent of men age 15-49 NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Contents About NFHS-3 Household and individual characteristics Fertility, Marriage and Family Planning Maternal health care Immunization and child health care Nutritional status of children and adults HIV knowledge, behaviour and prevalence NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Percent of women and men age 15-49 who have heard of AIDS AIDS Awareness Percent of women and men age 15-49 who have heard of AIDS Women Men NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Most Adults Support Family Life Education in Schools 63% women and 81% men think that information about HIV/AIDS should be taught in schools to both boys and girls More than 40% of women and 60% of men are in favour of teaching both boys and girls about sexual behaviour and condom use to avoid sexually transmitted diseases Adults are less likely to favour teaching about contraception than about HIV/AIDS NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Coverage of HIV Testing in NFHS-3 Percent of eligible women age 15-49 and men age 15-54 whose blood was tested for HIV Women: 85 percent Men: 78 percent Response rates are comparable to HIV test response rates on national household surveys worldwide NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

HIV Prevalence HIV prevalence estimates are based on HIV tests of 102,946 blood samples: 52,853 from de facto women age 15-49 + 50,093 from de facto men age 15-54 NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

HIV Prevalence by Residence and Sex, India Women (%) Men (%) Total (%) Urban Rural 0.29 0.18 0.41 0.32 0.35 0.25 India 0.22 0.36 0.28 HIV prevalence rate is 60% higher among males than females and 40% higher in urban areas than rural areas NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Summary and Highlights Substantial improvements have been seen in child survival Fertility continues to decline Urban women have already reached replacement level fertility, but rural women even now have an average of three children For the first time more than half of currently married women are using a contraceptive method NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Summary and Highlights (contd.) There is steady decline in the proportion of women age 20-24 marrying before the legal minimum age of marriage There have been improvements in antenatal care, institutional deliveries, and assistance at delivery by a health professional, but the changes over time have been slow Immunization coverage for children has improved for all vaccines except DPT NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Summary and Highlights (contd.) Full immunization coverage has not changed much in the last 7 years Undernutrition and anaemia among children remain major challenges Adults suffer a dual burden of undernutrition and overnutrition NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Summary and Highlights (contd.) HIV prevalence among the NFHS-3 household population of men and women age 15-49 is 0.28 percent. Based on this estimate and other data, the Government of India has reduced its official HIV estimate for the adult population. However, strong programmes are still required to prevent the further spread of HIV. NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Thank you… And now, on to the rest of the NFHS-3 National Dissemination Seminar! NFHS-3, India, 2005-06