World History Complete Griot Presentations Scramble for Africa Test questions Group evaluation Word Search Scramble for Africa Slide lecture Article

Warm Up Based on what you know about Africa thus far how might you draw borders for countries? Consider geography, history, culture, etc.

THE “DARK” CONTINENT “Dark Continent” – racist terminology referred to both the peoples of Africa and their alleged ignorance In reality, Africa has always had diverse groups of people with their own unique cultures and histories Civilizations Languages Religions Possible anecdote: Review of African cultures and civilizations, such as Mansa Musa and Great Zimbabwe.

DAVID LIVINGSTONE (1813-1873) Scottish missionary 1841-1873 – lived in central Africa Explored Africa Named Lake Victoria after the British queen Converted many Africans to Christianity Wrote books on Africa which piqued foreign interest 1871 – reported “lost” “Found” by Henry Stanley “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?”

HENRY STANLEY (1841-1904) Welsh-American reporter “Found” Dr. Livingstone in Africa “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?” Explored Africa Congo River Lake Tanganyika Lake Victoria Worked with Belgium’s King Leopold II and his African colonization company International African Society

King Leopold In the 1870s, the Belgian King Leopold sent emissaries to establish trade with native Africans in the Congo. This single act began a flurry of imperialistic activity as the other nations of Europe, including: France, Great Britain, Germany, Spain, Germany, Italy, and Portugal, got involved

European Motives For Colonization European Nationalism Industrial Source for Raw Materials Industrial Revolution Missionary Activity European Motives For Colonization Markets for Finished Goods Social Darwinism Military & Naval Bases European Racism Humanitarian Reasons “White Man’s Burden”

Berlin Conference – 1884-85 To avoid conflict with one another in Africa, European leaders met in Berlin, Germany. With little regard or representation for native Africans, the European powers set about carving up Africa.

Berlin Conference (continued) The following guidelines were set at the conference Any sovereign power which wanted to claim any territory should inform the other powers “in order to ... make good any claim of their own.”

Berlin Conference (continued) Treaties with African rulers were to be considered a valid title to sovereignty. Any such annexation should be validated by effective occupation.

BRITISH COLONIES IN SOUTHERN AFRICA Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) Bechuanaland (now Botswana) Kenya 1888 – became a British protectorate BRITISH COLONIES IN NORTHERN AFRICA Along with France gained control of Egypt Controlled Sudan

FRENCH IN AFRICA Madagascar Somaliland West Africa Parts of Sudan Algeria Tunis Morocco Madagascar Somaliland West Africa Parts of Sudan

Others Spain takes Western Sahara Portugal gets Angola and Mozambique Belgium controls Congo Italy controls small parts