Rise of Hitler: 3rd Year

Early life Born in Austria 1889 Lived in Vienna – tried to be a painter Joined German army in WW1 Brave soldier Iron Cross reaction to surrender

Early yrs Shocked by Germany’s defeat Blamed it on weak politicians Hated the Treaty of Versailles Hated the new German Government – The Weimar Republic

Early yrs Formation of the Nazi Party After war Hitler spied for the army on the German Worker’s Party Liked their ideas – joined it Gift for oratory Became their leader Name change to National Socialist German Worker’s Party Nicknamed Nazis

Nazi Party Copied many ideas from Mussolini’s Fascist Party Had SA – his uniformed soldiers – Brownshirts Led by Ernst Rohm Had SS – Like mussolini’s secret police SS = Hitler’s personal bodyguards Lead by Himmler Hitler’s title – Der Fuhrer – The Leader

Hitler’s Putsch 1923 Economy very bad 1923 Tried to stage a revolution in Munich Copying Mussolini’s march on Rome Failed – Imprisoned His book – Mein Kampf – contains his ideas

Hitler’s ideas Tear up the Treaty of Versailles To make Germany a great power (empire) again The German speakers were a master race (Aryans) – better than anyone else All Germans should be united to form a huge country Germany must take over Eastern Europe and Russia to create more ‘Living space’ for Germans Called this ‘Lebensraum’ Remove all Jews from Germany Destroy communism

Wall st crash Hitler’s next chance for power 1929 – world wide depression People lost faith in democracy Turned to the 2 extreme parties – Nazis and communists

Why did people vote for Hitler? To undo the Treaty of Versailles Fear of communism Rising unemployment – Hitler promised to stop it Loss of confidence in democracy Hitler’s use of propaganda

Establishing a dictatorship Elected Chancellor in 1933 democratically Feb 1933 (The Dail) burned down Hitler blamed communists – arrested them March 1933 Enabling Act Allowed him to rule without parliament Banned all political parties except Nazis Propaganda under control of Goebbels Persuaded people to love Hitler Stern Police – The Gestapo – set up to control people

Knight of long knives Hitler was now the Fuhrer – a dictator Afrais of Rohm and the SA’s power 1934 – SS killed and arrested any of Hitler’s enemies in one night

Concentration Camps Political Opponents sent there They were forced labour camps Led by SS 1st one was Dachau Soon all ‘enemies’ of the state would be sent there Eg, gypsies, homosexuals, disabled, thieves

Anti-Semitism Jews blamed for all Germany’s problems Enemies of the Aryan race Less than 1%

Anti-Semitism

Persecution of Jews 1933 Boycott of Jewish shops Jews not allowed to work in the civil service 1935 Nuremburg Laws Jews lost citizenship Intermarriage of Jews and German’s forbidden Made wear a yellow star of David

Kristallnacht Night of broken glass 1938 Nazis destroy Jewish shops and homes Synagogues attacked Jews first sent to ghettos Jews sent to concentration camps

Kristallnacht

The Holocaust Concentration camps set up all over Germany and other countries Dachau, Auschwitz Old and weak gassed immediately Young and strong put to work Made clothes and machines for German army 6 million Jews murdered

Holocaust (2) Not just Jews sent to death camps Anyone not considered Aryan Black people, gypsies, beggars, gays, disabled, communists.

Recap National Socialist Worker’s Party SS SA Night of long knives Anti-Semitism Kristallnacht Holocaust

Recap Questions List 4 ways in which Hitler turned Germany into a dictatorship List 5 things that happened to the Jews in Germany List 4 aims and beliefs Hitler had (in Mein Kampf) Give 3 reasons why people voted for Hitler

Q1 – turning Germany into Dictatorship Enabling Act, 1933 Arrested Communists after Reichstag burned down Other parties banned Secret Police – Gestapo Knight of long knives

What happened to jews> Answer: Shops boycotted Nuremberg Laws Lost citizenship Not allowed marry Germans Not allowed work in civil service Kristallnacht Star of David Ghettos Concentration Camps

Q3 – Hitler’s beliefs Destroy Treaty of Versailles Germans = Aryan Race Lebensraum All German speakers invited German Empire = 3rd Reich Get rid of Jews

Q4 Why vote for Nazi party Fear of Communism Disgust at democracy’s weakness Unemployment Inflation To get rid of Treaty of Versailles To make Germany great again

Cartoon Reaction to V Treaty