Governance issues in urban sanitation in Odisha Overall policy and governance issues – resource adequacy and post-project financing issue, human resource issue, role of ULBs and community participation issue

Outline of Presentation SDG Urban Sanitation Targets Urban Sanitation Policy Environment Odisha Urban Sanitation Status - an overview Issues and concerns

SDGs & Urban Sanitation Targets

Availability & sustainable management of WATSAN for all Access to safe water Adequate & equitable sanitation & hygiene Improve water quality Water use efficiency Implement integrated water resources Protect & restore water related eco system SDG 6 and targets

SDG Target for Sanitation Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all 6-2 : By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations -Universal Access ( Coverage) -End of open defecation (Use) -Achieve hygiene for all -Inclusion SDG 6

SDG Target for Urban India Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable : By ensure access for all to adequate, safe, affordable housing, basic services & upgrade slums 11.5 reduce the number of deaths & the number of people affected... including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor & people in vulnerable situations 11.6 reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management SDG 11 - Access to basic services - Up-gradation of slums - Municipal Waste Management - Other waste - Sustainability & inclusion

Urban Sanitation Targets Universal Coverage Hygiene for all ODF status Inclusion & Sustainability Municipal Waste Management Other Waste Management

Formulation of National, State policy & strategy Establishing SWM system in ULBs Specified duties for various stakeholders Missions of NAP for CC Energy efficiency Improved management waste including recycling Participatory Planning Totally sanitized, healthy & livable cities Ensure & sustain good public health & environmental outcomes for all citizens Focus on hygienic, affordable sanitation facilities for poor & women Shift from infrastructure creation to delivery of service outcomes Indicators cover –water supply, sewage management, solid waste management, storm water management SLB indicators NUSP, 2008 Solid Waste Management Rule, 2016 NMSH,2008 National Policy Environment

Odisha Urban Sanitation Situation - an overview Census 2011 Urban % of total state population High decadal urban growth rate of 26.8 % 35.2 % of HHs do not have latrines within the premises & 2 % use public latrine 33.2 % of HHs defecate at open 2 nd from bottom among all states, with Chhattisgarh at the top having 39.8 % of HHs not having latrines 110 ULBs : MC-5, Municipality-45, NAC-60

Odisha Urban Sanitation Policy Environment OUSS, 2011 Stresses upon achieving ODF cities and towns Adequate fund allocation for providing services to the urban poor ULBs & other service providers not to have any problems in extending sanitation provisions to unauthorised settlements Schemes & programs Integrated Low Cost Sanitation : designed to cover the economically weaker section of society and limited to few ULBs SBM (U) : establishment of mission directorate and state PMU, Covers all 110 ULBs SWM system Door to door collection started in all ULBs Introduction of user charges for waste management yet to be adopted except BBSR Other aspect of waste management : campaign for minimisation of waste, segregation at source, effective transport, storage,processing, reuse, and safe disposal, etc. SLB indicators Coverage: toilet, sewage network, storm water drainage etc. SWM: coverage, collection, transportation, processing and disposal of SWM etc. Quality : Sewage treatment plants & capacity, quality of treatment, reuse and recycle of waste, grievance redresal etc.

Institutional arrangement of sanitation program in Odisha State High Power Committee SBM State Directorate & State PMU Program Implementation Unit ODF Goal

Key initiatives unique to Odisha Hybrid toilet -Amma Souchalaya- hybrid toilet units both community & public -Construction & maintenance of toilet complexes by Sulabha International -5,957 seats in nine AMRUT cities Additional incentives to vulnerable HHs -2700/- for IHL to vulnerable HHs -HHs: Women headed, minority headed, widow headed, HHs only with females, sanitation and construction workers, disability, transgender, etc.

Issues and concerns Approaches Silo approach in sanitation intervention Lack of holistic planning to deal with WASH issues Program mode instead of mission/ campaign mode Inadequate convergence effort At ground level implementation Conflict of interest for ULBs in covering slum like settlements Inadequate human resources at ULB level Social mobilisation process is not followed Challenge of converting insanitary to sanitary latrine Participation of community Failure in transferring the knowledge to community Issue of security and land tenure Responsibility of citizens

Thank you Biraja Kabi Satapathy