1. PAS Project 1 Performance Measurement For water and sanitation- indicators CEPT UNIVERSITY

2. 2 ASSESS THE WATER AND SANITATION PERFORMANCE … In emerging economies  Little is known about the quality, service levels and financial sustainability of WSS services  Only limited information on access of urban poor households to water and sanitation is available  This makes assessment of impact from past investments difficult  Need for a standardized information system for comparable and regular situational analysis  This can support improved allocation of resources and decision making  Grants from state and central governments can be linked to local performance

3. Approach to Performance Measurement Framework Components of Performance Assessment Framework Themes to match with goals /targets of delivery of water supply and sanitation services KPIs for performance assessment Drilled down indicators (LAIs) for performance improvement

4. Approach of KPIs and Local Action Indicators Performance Assessment by National/State/Local governments Key Performance Indicators Performance Improvement by Local governments Local Action Indicators Leads to  Development of reporting systems and analysis, preferably web based  Identify governance and regulatory issues (e.g. for drinking water quality, discharge standards for wastewater, septage treatment, and staffing capacity  Local service providers focused on achieving improvements at the city level

5. PAS - Sector wise Indicators and LAIs 9 Key Indicators 38 Local action Indicators 9 Key Indicators 26 Local action Indicators 8 Key Indicators 12 Local action Indicators 4 Key Indicators 13 Local action Indicators 2 Key Indicators STORM WATER WATER SUPPLYWASTE WATERSOLID WASTEEQUITY

6. LOCAL ACTION INDICATOR KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATOR GOAL Illustration of Key Performance and Local Action Indicator Achieving Equity in service delivery Coverage of water supply connections in ‘slum settlements’ % of slum settlements having internal water supply network (%) Presence of policy enabling provision for services in slums (Y/N) Efforts made to simplify connection procedures for slum HHs (Y/N) % of population with access to improved water services in slums

7. Themes, LAIs & Improvement Areas covered WATER SUPPLY 9 Key Indicators 38 Local action Indicators Access & Coverage Efficiency in Service Operations Coverage of distribution network, illegal connections, regularization Financial Sustainability Service levels & Quality Estimated demand and available supply, per capita supply, pressure at WDS and consumer end, quality tests, days of supply Unit electricity cost, Staff, per capital revenue income and expenditure, average revenue per connection Water audit, losses, pipe breaks, network refurbished, unbilled consumption, monitoring and analysis of complaints, functionality of meters, annual cost of losses, automated billing systems, collection systems Equity Internal network in slums, uncovered HHs, policy provisions, connection procedures, budget for pro poor activities, connection charges, expenditure in slums Set of Local Action Indicators help to better understand the results of the KPIs and also contextualise the city's service requirements to a great extent Also help arrive at local IMPROVEMENT priorities to act upon

8. Illustrative : Themes and Local Action Indicators

9. Framework for Equity Assessment Service delivery Local preparedness Enabling environment

10. Equity Assessment – PAS Project  Service provider surveys  City level surveys – Services in slums (water, toilets, sewerage, SWM); policy, finance for slum services and connection processes  Slum settlement surveys – service levels, quality  Mapping of slum locations (50 cities) and detailed plans of each slum for use in planning  Household surveys  Survey of slum and non-slum households for: access and coverage, service levels and quality, costs and complaint redressal

11. Indicators for Equity Assessment ThemeKey Indicators Enabling Environment Presence of policy enabling provision for services in slums (Y/N) Connection charge for urban poor to non poor in WSS (ratio) Provision of UWSS services to non-notified slums (Y/N) % of slum settlements covered under property tax assessment Access to funds from national/ state schemes for services in slums (Y/N) Local level Preparedness % budget for pro poor activities Efforts made to simplify connection procedures for slum HHs (Y/N) % of slum settlements having internal network (water supply, drainage) Service Delivery % of households with access to improved UWSS services in slums % of households with access to on-premise facilities in slums % of households defecating in open in slums Coverage of UWSS services at HH level in slums (%) Spatial variation in individual water supply connections (Ratio) Spatial variation in per capita water supply (Ratio)

12. Framework for Sanitation Assessment Equity Public health City wide sanitation Environ- ment Waste Management (Conveyance, treatment and reuse /disposal) Access (User interface and containment/ storage) Reuse / disposal User interface Collection / storage Conveyance Treatment

13. Sanitation Indicators across the value chain CaptureCollectionConveyanceTreatmentRecycle n Reuse Cities having onsite sanitation systems  Coverage of toilets  Coverage of properties with septic tank disposal system  % of septic tanks cleaned annually  Adequacy of septage treatment capacity  Quality of septage treatment  Extent of reuse and recycling of treated septage Cities having underground sewerage systems  Coverage of toilets  Coverage of wastewater network services  Collection efficiency of wastewater network  Adequacy of wastewater treatment capacity  Quality of wastewater treatment  Extent of reuse and recycling of treated wastewater Cities having mixed sanitation systems  Coverage of toilets  Coverage of adequate household sanitation in city (including sewerage connection and/or septic tanks)  Efficiency of wastewater collection (through sewerage /septic tank emptiers)  Adequacy of sewage and septage treatment capacity  Quality of wastewater and septage treatment  Extent of reuse and recycling of treated wastewater and septage

14. Indicators for Sanitation Assessment User interfaceCollection/storageConveyanceTreatmentReuse/disposal AccessWaste Management Excreta disposal (black water and septage): % of households /population/ properties with access to/ use of safe toilets* % of households/ properties/ public-community toilets connected to sewerage, septic tanks or with acceptable safe means of storage or disposal % of waste water (black) and septage collected and delivered for treatment at an acceptable treatment facility as a % of total waste water /septage generated % of treated waste water /septage meeting the reuse / disposal standards % of treated waste water /septage reused/ safely disposed % of septic tanks (for all toilets) connected to appropriate drainage /sewerage network/ for effluent disposal Greywater (sullage) and storm water disposal % of households with grey water outlet to soak-pits/ drains/ sewerage % of drainage (open or closed) that is clean and free flowing % of collected greywater receiving at least primary treatment capacity and meeting the reuse/ disposal standards % of treated grey water reused / safely disposed No instances of flooding due to storm water Solid waste disposal % of households/ properties segregating waste at source % households/properties with door-to-door collection of solid waste or other safe on-site method of disposal of SW % of waste collected daily to total estimated waste generated % of collected solid waste receiving treatment and meeting the reuse/ disposal standards % of waste reused to the total waste transported to disposal site / safely disposed % of solid waste arriving at treatment facility in a segregated manner % of streets /open spaces meeting ‘cleanliness standards’

15. Sanitation Indicators Is better equipped to capture situation in cities with mixed (network and non networked systems) Adequate HH sanitation is defined through access to sewerage as well as onsite sanitation systems. Removes earlier bias towards network systems Helps to arrive at Household level coverage of toilet facilities for both slum and non slum HHs

16.  How different is this framework of performance assessment than the ones used in developed country context?  What are the key indicators that capture the reality of emerging economies  equity – i.e. access to the poor  Non-network services  Group/community services  How would one obtain information to measure these indicators PAS Project Questions for Discussion 16

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