Virginia Henderson NSG 463/Professional Role Transitions/Fall 2016 Dr. Brown Alisha Sly, Amanda Norfolk, Kiran Ahmad, Sherell Johnson, Skyler Shimp, Tori Stevens

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Henderson’s History:  Born on November 30, 1897 in Kansas City, Missouri  Fifth child from a family of eight children  Started her nursing education at the Army School of Nursing located in Washington, DC in 1918 and received her diploma in 1921  Began teaching nursing in 1924 at Norfolk Protestant Hospital in Norfolk, VA  She became an Associate Professor at Teachers College at Columbia University located in New York in 1934  Started as a nursing research associate in 1953 at Yale University  Also known as the “foremost nurse of the 20 th century” and “the Florence Nightingale of the 20 th century” (ANA, 2016) (Obituary, n.d.) (Lippincott, n.d.)

Henderson’s Contributions to Nursing:  Need Theory-Noted 14 basic needs of the patient  Principles and Practices of Nursing-1939  Nursing Research: Survey and Assessement-1964  Basic Principles of Nursing-1966  Nursing Studies Index-1972 (Vera, 2014)

Henderson’s Need Theory  Virginia Henderson helped define nursing and the role of the nurse in relation to the patient by developing her nursing Theory of Needs (Black, 2014).  This theory outlines the basic needs of the patient in order for them to get well and be able to function normally once they return home (Black, 2014).  This theory can be applied to any type of nursing, from home-health to intensive care (Black, 2014).  It was explained that “the nurse’s role changes on a day-to- day, week-to-week, month-to-month basis in relation to the patient’s changing needs” (Black, 2014).

Fourteen Components of Henderson’s Need Theory 1Breathe normally. 2Eat and drink adequately. 3Eliminate body wastes. 4Move and maintain desirable postures. 5Sleep and rest. 6Select suitable clothes-dress and undress. 7Maintain body temperature within normal range by adjusting clothing and modifying environment 8Keep the body clean and well groomed and protect the integument 9Avoid dangers in the environment and avoid injuring others. 10Communicate with others in expressing emotions, needs, fears, or opinions. 11Worship according to one’s faith. 12Work in such a way that there is a sense of accomplishment. 13Play or participate in various forms of recreation. 14Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity that leads to normal development and health and use the available health facilities. (Currentnursing.com, 2012)

How Henderson’s History Relates to the Need Theory: :  Henderson felt a need to define nursing and the nurse’s role in relation to the patient (Black, 2014)  She questioned “What can I help this patient do that he would do for himself?” (Black, 2014)  Henderson emphasized that the role of a nurse is what is important in the nurse-patient relationship (Black, 2014)  Henderson noted that the nurse’s role changes based upon the patient’s needs (Black, 2014)

Basis of Henderson’s Theory  Henderson based her theory on Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (Currentnursing.com, 2012)  She incorporated similar aspects such as  physiological aspects  safety concerns  psychological factors  sociological needs  spiritual/moral facets (Currentnursing.com, 2012)

Basis of Henderson’s Theory (Vera, M., 2014)

How Henderson’s Theory is Applied  Biological needs for patients include:  Vital signs, respiratory status, and oxygen saturation  Administration of IV fluids  Adjusting temperatures or applying heat or cold to regulate body temperature (Gillette, 1996)  Safety and Security:  Promoting a safe environment and easing anxiety in relation to hospitalization (Gillette, 1996)

How Henderson’s Theory is Applied  Social Acceptance:  Creating a understanding atmosphere towards the patient and the family members.  Address social issues prior to surgeries or procedures that may cause anxiety (Gillette, 1996)  Self Actualization:  Respecting patients rights and dignity  Determine goals and participate in their healthcare experiences  (Gillette, 1996)

How Henderson’s Theory is Applied  Discuss patients feelings during assessment to plan the appropriate care plan  Nurses should be positive and promote a atmosphere that is caring and nurturing  All care of the patient should be extended to family members as allowed (Gillette, 1996)

How Henderson’s Theory is Applied  Encourage independence  Provide necessary support systems  Promoting a safe environment  Ensuring all necessary equipment is safe  Supplies are present (Gillette, 1996)

Limitations to Henderson’s Theory  Does not define the actual concept of “need” (Kim & Kollak, 2006)  Is a patient-focused approach in which 4 aspects must always be present: “age, emotional state, social status, physical/intellectual capacity” (Kim & Kollak, 2006)  Does not address or elaborate on psychological aspects of patient care (Kim & Kollak, 2006)

References  Black, B. P. (2014). Profession nursing: Concepts & challenges. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.  Gillette, V. A. (1996). Applying nursing theory to Perioperative nursing practice. AORN Journal, 64(2), 261–270. doi: /s (06)  Kim, H. S. P. R., & Kollak, I. P. R. (Eds.). (2006). Nursing Theories : Conceptual and Philosophical Foundations, Second Edition (2). New York, US: Springer Publishing Company. Retrieved from  LippincottNursingCenter®. (n.d.). Retrieved from  Obituary of Virginia Henderson. (n.d.). Retrieved from  Vera, M., RN. (2014, August 06). Virginia Henderson - Nursing Need Theory - Nurseslabs. Retrieved from theory/  Virginia Henderson (2016). American Nurses Association. Retrieved from  Virginia Henderson's Nursing Theory. (2012, February 04). Retrieved from  Virginia Henderson Quote. (n.d.). Retrieved from