06/14/2014 HANSUNG 연구과제 : Exploratory Research of Factors for Consultant’s Stress 장병민

Theoretical Model 3 4 Data and Method Introduction and Objectives 1 contents Review of Literature 2 5 Questionnaires

3 1. Introduction and Objectives  컨설팅 산업의 매년 지속적인 성장이 계속되고 있음. (2012 년 274 억 달러에서 5 년 후 317 억 달러 로 증가가 예상됨. January 13, 2014)  컨설팅 산업의 외형이 커지는 것에 비례하여 관련 종사자의 스트레스 또한 증가가 예상됨.  컨설팅 산업과 관련 종사자에 대한 스트레스 연구가 거의 없었음.  최근 컨설팅 스트레스 요인에 대한 연구가 시작됨 (Humboldt et al., 2013)  컨설팅 스트레스에 대한 요인의 연구를 통하여 컨설팅 업무관련 스트레스를 극복하는데 목적이 있음.

4 2. Review of Literature  Humboldt et al., (2013) - self-perceptions of occupational stress (SPoOS) ① person-oriented: ‘intellectual disturber’, ‘physical disturber’ ② organization-oriented: ‘professional handicap’, ‘organizational weakness’ ‘work attribute’ - sources of stress (SoS): ① job concerns: ‘high workload’, ‘frequent travelling‘, ‘job insecurity’, ‘relationships at work’, ‘lack of free time’ ② organizational constraints: ‘blame culture’, ‘ineffective management’, ‘secrecy’, ‘poor physical working environment’, ‘weak leadership’ ③ career expectations: ‘pressure for the results’, ‘career, development’ - stress management strategies (SMS): ① group dynamics strategies: ‘teamwork’, ‘after-work socialization’, ‘team building and bonding’, ‘work-family integration’ ② organizational culture strategies: ‘leadership’, ‘organizational culture’, ‘work design and ergonomics’, ‘work planning and scheduling’, ③ individual-support strategies: ‘coaching’, ‘counselling’, ‘Employment assistance programmes’

5 2. Review of Literature

6 Category Kristens en TS et al. (2005) Siegrist et al. (2004) Lindstro m (2002) HSE (2004) Sims et al. (1976) Karasek et al. (1998) Hackma n and Ol dham (2005) Vagg an d Spielb erg (1999) Avallon e and P amplom atas (2005) Hurrell a nd McL aney (1988) Huys an d De Ric k (2005) Belkic (2000) Williams and Coo per (1998) Widersz al-Bazyl and Cie slak (2000) Ivancevi ch et al. (1983) Wiezer and Nel emans (2005) Van Vel dhoven and Bro ersen (2003) demands √ √√ √ √√√√ √ control √√ √ √√ support √ √ √ √√ √ relationship √ √√√ √ √ √ role √ √√√√√ √√ √√ √ √ change √ effort √ reward √ √ commitment √√√ leadership √ √ √ communication √ √ √√ culture √ √ feedback √ √ √ autonomy √ √ skill √ √ √ √ √√√ predictability √ √ private life √ √ health √ stress √ √ pressure √ √√ √ environment √ goals √ √

7 3. Theoretical Model  HSE (2004) ① Demands: includes workload, work patterns and the work environment. ② Control: how much say a person has in the way they do their work. ③ Support: includes the encouragement, sponsorship and resources provided by the organisation, line management and colleagues. ④ Role: whether people understand their role within the organisation and whether the organisation ensures that they do not have conflicting roles. ⑤ Change: how organisational change (large or small) is managed and communicated in the organisation. ⑥ Relationships: promoting positive working to avoid conflict and dealing with unacceptable behaviour.  Humboldt et al., (2013) - SPoOS, SOS, SMS

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15 4. Data and Method  대상 : 컨설턴트 업계에 종사하는 컨설턴트 대상 (Management Consulting, IT Consulting)  설문문항 : HSE(2004), Humboldt et al., (2013) 이외 항목에서 도출  분석방법 : 요인분석을 통한 stress 변수에 대한 factor 도출

16 5. Questionnaires 1. I am clear what is expected of me at work 2. I can decide when to take a break 3. Different groups at work demand things from me that are hard to combine 4. I know how to go about getting my job done 5. I am subject to personal harassment in the form of unkind words or behaviour 6. I have unachievable deadlines 7. If work gets difficult, my colleagues will help me 8. I am given supportive feedback on the work I do 9. I have to work very intensively 10. I have a say in my own work speed 11. I am clear what my duties and responsibilities are 12. I have to neglect some tasks because I have too much to do 13. I am clear about the goals and objectives for my department 14. There is friction or anger between colleagues 15. I have a choice in deciding how I do my work 16. I am unable to take sufficient breaks 17. I understand how my work fits into the overall aim of the organisation 18. I am pressured to work long hours  HSE (2004)

17 5. Questionnaires 19. I have a choice in deciding what I do at work 20. I have to work very fast 21. I am subject to bullying at work 22. I have unrealistic time pressures 23. I can rely on my line manager to help me out with a work problem 24. I get help and support I need from colleagues 25. I have some say over the way I work 26. I have sufficient opportunities to question managers about change at work 27. I receive the respect at work I deserve from my colleagues 28. Staff are always consulted about change at work 29. I can talk to my line manager about something that has upset or annoyed me about work 30. My working time can be flexible 31. My colleagues are willing to listen to my work-related problems 32. When changes are made at work, I am clear how they will work out in practice 33. I am supported through emotionally demanding work 34. Relationships at work are strained 35. My line manager encourages me at work

18 5. Questionnaires 1. When I feel stressed, I cannot concentrate on my work. 2. I feel this heavy load on my back when I am stressed and sometimes I have diarrhoea. 3. I feel that my professional performance is affected by my stress. 4. I believe that if one works in a stressful workplace, this weakens the organizational environment. 5. Stress comes with work. There is nothing we can do about it. 6. I am obliged to have a number of on-going projects per year and this is a huge source of stress for me. 7. I’ve been working six days per week for the last two months. It’s been very hard for my family. 8. If something goes wrong and the client does not renew the contract, there must be someone to be blamed for this. 9. I get very stressed when my project manager makes wrong decisions that affect all of us. 10. Sometimes I feel very stressed with the fact that all the work contracts are confidential. 11. I spent my last three years in airports. Time changes and different food get me stressed. 12. Our office has excellent conditions but I spend most of my time in the clients’ office and some have very poor working environments for the consultants. 13. I feel my job is never safe, especially now with this entire crisis. 14. Consultants are extremely competitive and I know I cannot show all the cards. This is very stressful for me. 15. When I feel that I am really stressed, I don’t focus on my career and everything becomes on hold. 16. Sometimes the project manager is not the right person because I do not feel that he has leadership skills. Sometimes I have to make the important decisions. 17. My family and I get very stressed when I have to give up part of my holidays because of project deadlines.  Humboldt et al., (2013)

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