Standard Compare the ideologies of Socialism, communism, fascism, and Nazism and their influence on the rise of totalitarian governments after World War I in Italy, Germany, Japan and the Soviet Union as a response to the worldwide depression.

TOTALITARIANISM

1. Totalitarian Government? A. After World War I countries in Europe were so badly devastated by the war it was almost impossible to recover. B. The people were willing to accept anyone who seemed to have an answer to their problems this led to totalitarian dictators.

2. Communism in the Soviet Union A. After the Bolshevik Revolution the Soviet Union became Communist B. Land was no longer privately owned, it was collectivized, or owned by groups. C. Wealth was redistributed to citizens D. Joseph Stalin used the ideas of collectivization and wealth redistribution to take power E. Using a secret police force, Stalin forcibly removed ANYONE he thought might oppose him or the Communist Party. F. Stalin followed his Five-Year Plans (increase industrialization to increase income) to change his country’s economy from farming to an industrial economy.

3. Totalitarianism in Italy Fascism under Mussolini A. Italy was upset with the outcome of the Treaty of Versailles, they thought they deserved more. B. Benito Mussolini promised to fix the economy, restore order and build Italy into a great nation. C. Mussolini created the Fascist Party his followers were called the Black Shirts. D. Mussolini used his power to become a powerful dictator backed up by the military and a secret police. E. Using his new power he invaded Ethiopia in 1935 and 1937.

Propaganda poster Benito Mussolini with Hitler

4. Totalitarianism in Germany (Fascism/Nazism under Hitler) A. Germany was especially devastated by the war and were willing to go to great lengths to fix their country. B. A Young man, in the Nazi party tried to overthrow the government at the time, the Weimar Republic, he failed and was put in jail. C. When he was released from prison, Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor and formed a new government which passed the Enabling Act. This gave Hitler the power to ignore the constitution. D. He enacted several new policy’s to control the people of Germany: 1. Rule by Terror 2. Nazi Youth 3. Censorship 4. Anti-Semitism

5. Japan under Emperor Hirohito A. Japan’s main income source was exports of luxury goods. The demand for these goods fell during the depression, leaving Japan struggling. B. The military leaders of Japan blamed the west for their problems, and took control of the main operations of the government. C. The Emperor was left as a figurehead and this totalitarian government began a campaign of expansionism throughout Asia.

6. In Summary A. Soviet Union A. Joseph Stalin B. Communism/Socialism C. Five Year Plans (Collectivization) B. Italy A. Benito Mussolini B. Fascism C. Black Shirts C. Germany A. Adolf Hitler B. Nazi Party C. Enabling acts and militarization D. Japan A. Emperor Hirohito B. Totalitarianism C. Invasions of land in Asia