1. Learning Target: I can explain the causes of WWII including the rise of Totalitarianism.

2. Have dictators who use force to control people
Totalitarianism: Political system in which the government controls every aspect of citizens’ lives.
Totalitarian Governments:
Have dictators who use force to control people
State controls everything:
Economy
Education
Media

3. Why was Europe ripe for Totalitarian Governments?
Germany: Adolf Hitler
Soviet Union: Joseph Stalin
Why was Europe ripe for Totalitarian Governments?
Germany lost the war
Italy was promised land at the end of the war but didn’t get it.
Mussolini was a soldier. Italian Glory. Roman Empire. First totalitarian to get power.
Disillusionment
Poor Economies
- Weak Governments
Italy: Benito Mussolini

4. Mussolini in Italy
Wanted Italy to be like it was in the past “Roman Empire”
Started the Fascist Party –
a strong government lead by
one person and the state is
more important than
individuals.

5. Mussolini in Italy Force and Terror
Black Shirts: armed squads who terrorized political opposition.
Began to oppress Jews.
Economy
It got better but at the expense of the people.
Education
Strict Gender Roles
Teachers had to swear an oath to defend the Fascist regime.
Media
Newspaper editors were chosen by Mussolini and couldn’t print anything without a certificate of approval

6. Italy
Albania
Libya
Ethiopia
Italy invaded Albania and Libya, and then defeated Ethiopia in a war.

7. Stalin in the Soviet Union
“Man of Steel”
Stalin gains power when Lenin dies in 1924.
Communism:
Originally: all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.
Under Lenin & Stalin: allows for a dictatorship and property is owned by the state.

8. Stalin in the Soviet Union
Force and Terror: People who Stalin believed were against him were sent to “the Gulag” (prison labor camp with high death rate)
Economy: Started 5 Year Plan to build industry and improve farm production.
Education: Made school a requirement, taught communism, and started Young Communist Groups.
Media: Strict censorship of mail and press. Used propaganda to influence citizens.

9. Click on Video Clip on Web Site Slide 9

10. Hitler in Germany WWI soldier
Joined the Nazi Party and eventually became its leader.
He tried to overthrow the government in but was arrested and sent to prison for treason.
Mein Kampf - “My Struggle”
Government and Businessmen
Communist and Jews
Living Space for the Master Race

11. Hitler’s Rise to Power 1. outside events:
2. weaknesses of other political parties
3. strengths of Hitler & the Nazi party

12. Hitler in Germany Force and Terror - Gestapo and the SS Economy
- Helped create Volkswagen and the autobahn and forced unemployed to accept any work offered to them.
Education
- Teachers had to swear an oath of allegiance to Hitler and the Hitler Youth was created.
Media
-Promote German culture and condemn Jazz and Hollywood.
The Volkswagen - People's Car

13. Click on Video Clip on Website Slide 13

14. Soviet Union
Germany
Italy

15. Examples of totalitarian ideologies: Fascism, Nazism and Communism.
Totalitarianism: subordinates the rights of the individual to the interests of the state.
In other words, the government considers itself to be the main focus of loyalty and identity. Religion, individual conscience and civil rights, family loyalties, etc. do not limit the totalitarian authority.
Examples of totalitarian ideologies: Fascism, Nazism and Communism.
we’re talking about isms. And isms are complicated things. Ideologies: set of beliefs.