APUSH Review: Key Concept 1.2 (The Columbian Exchange) Everything You Need To Know About Key Concept 1.2 and The Columbian Exchange To Succeed In APUSH Period 1:

The New Curriculum and The Columbian Exchange Key Concept 1.2 “European overseas expansion resulted in the Columbian Exchange, a series of interactions and adaptations among societies across the Atlantic.” o Page 24 of the Curriculum framework The Columbian Exchange revolutionized life in the Americas, Europe, and Africa. Key Concept 1.2, I: “The arrival of Europeans in the Western Hemisphere in the 15 th and 16 th centuries triggered extensive demographic and social changes on both sides of the Atlantic.” o Page 24 of the Curriculum framework Big Ideas: o What were positives and negatives of the Columbian Exchange on both hemispheres? o What were reasons that led to European exploration?

The Columbian Exchange What was it? o The exchange of plants, animals, culture, humans, diseases, etc. between the Americas, Europe, and Africa Examples of goods: o Americas to Europe and Africa: potatoes, maize (corn), tomatoes o Europe to the Americas: wheat, rice, horses, chickens, oxen Impact of exchange? o In Europe and Asia: massive population growth due to new food o In Africa: Spanish and Portuguese used Africans from West Africa to be used as slaves in the Americas o In the Americas: spread of diseases (smallpox), social classes (Mestizos), horse transformed Native life (made hunting easier), Encomienda system

Key Concept 1.2, II “European expansion into the Western Hemisphere caused intense social/religious, political, and economic competition in Europe and the promotion of empire building.” o Page 24 of the Curriculum framework What drove European exploration and conquest? o 3 G’s – Gold, Glory, Gospel o To spread Christianity – Spain Money and food from the Americas led to population growth in Europe and helped shift the economy to capitalism o Joint-stock companies – used to raise $ for explorations Used in Jamestown (1607) New technology aided exploration: o Sextant – could be used to find exact position on earth – more precise sailing

Test Tips Multiple-Choice Questions and Short Answer: o Be familiar with the impacts of the Columbian Exchange – not just food Increase in world trade, permanently connecting two hemispheres o Identify specific goods and their impacts – horse and potato o Impact on Africans – drastic growth in slavery Essay Questions: o Not likely since it is from period 1

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