Chapter 10 Lesson 1 The Role of the Catholic Church

Power of the Roman Catholic Church Church Organization Church had strong organization to serve laypeople (worshipers) Church had strong organization to serve laypeople (worshipers) Pope was spiritual, political leader Pope was spiritual, political leader

Power of the Roman Catholic Church Political Role of the Clergy Church leaders had strong social, political ties to Europe's nobility Church leaders had strong social, political ties to Europe's nobility local princes were often bishops; nobles, clergy helped one another Church officials helped political leaders run their kingdoms Church officials helped political leaders run their kingdoms Pope was wealthier than kings; often had more authority than monarchs Pope was wealthier than kings; often had more authority than monarchs

Conflict Between Monarchs and the Papacy One Cause of Conflict Emperor Henry IV —ruler of Holy Roman Empire— appointed Church officials Emperor Henry IV —ruler of Holy Roman Empire— appointed Church officials In 1075, Pope Gregory VII ended appointments by laypeople, kings In 1075, Pope Gregory VII ended appointments by laypeople, kings

Conflict Between Monarchs and the Papacy The Outcome Henry IV angered; gathered bishops to declare Pope's election invalid Henry IV angered; gathered bishops to declare Pope's election invalid Pope excommunicated Henry; told subjects Henry is no longer king Pope excommunicated Henry; told subjects Henry is no longer king Henry asked for the Pope's forgiveness, regained crown Henry asked for the Pope's forgiveness, regained crown

The Church and Society Religious Orders Monastic orders separated from society to pray, serve God Monastic orders separated from society to pray, serve God - monks (men) lived in monasteries -nuns (women) lived in convents Francis of Assisi began Franciscan order in 1200, later made a saint Francis of Assisi began Franciscan order in 1200, later made a saint - asked followers to give up property and serve as teachers, healers

The Church and Society The Founding of Universities Bishops set up schools at cathedrals; sons of nobles were students Bishops set up schools at cathedrals; sons of nobles were students In mid-1200s, Italian scholar Thomas Aquinas began studying Aristotle and argued that classical philosophy could exist in harmony with Christianity In mid-1200s, Italian scholar Thomas Aquinas began studying Aristotle and argued that classical philosophy could exist in harmony with Christianity Aquinas developed idea of natural law Aquinas developed idea of natural law - said natural law came from God and was about moral behavior

Exit Question Do you think the lack of long-distance trade hurt society during the early Middle Ages?