1. Notre Dame de Paris: Construction began:1163 Completed :1345
Chapter 13 - The Rise of the Middle Ages Section 5: The Power of the Church
Notre Dame de Paris: Construction began:1163 Completed :1345

2. Section 5: The Power of the Church
Main Idea
Reform and changes swept through the Christian Church, one of the most influential institutions in medieval Europe.
Objectives
What was the nature and influence of religion in the Middle Ages?
What led to the growth of papal power in Europe?
What changes in monasticism were introduced in the Middle Ages?

3. Throughout the Middle Ages, most Europeans
were Christian. The church was one of the
few sources of leadership and stability that
people could rely upon. One historian has
noted that “The continuity and the authority
of the Church of Rome stood out in marked
contrast against the short-lived kingdoms
which rose and fell in the early Middle Ages.”
As a result, the Catholic church became one
of medieval Europe’s most powerful and
enduring institutions.

4. I. Religion in the Middle Ages
By 1200s, the church was Europe’s largest
landowner and wealthiest institution

5. I. Religion in the Middle Ages
Medieval church had broad political power,
performing many government functions

6. I. Religion in the Middle Ages
Clergy was organized in strict hierarchy of rank
–parish priest was at bottom
Saint John Marie-Baptiste Vianney is the patron saint of parish priests

7. I. Religion in the Middle Ages
Priests directly served people in parish;
administered five of the seven sacraments

8. I. Religion in the Middle Ages
Bishops managed a diocese; performed
sacraments of confirmation and holy orders

9. I. Religion in the Middle Ages
Archbishops managed a group of several
dioceses called an archdiocese
To help things run smoothly, one bishop in each province has seniority. He's the archbishop and his diocese is the archdiocese, the chief diocese in a province.

10. I. Religion in the Middle Ages
Cardinals - most important and powerful clergy;
advised pope on legal and spiritual matters
Raphael, Portrait of a Cardinal,
Pope Leo X with Cardinals Giulio de' Medici and Luigi de' Rossi, Raphael 1518

11. II. Growth of Papal Power
Popes held supreme authority during their
pontificate; was head of church courts and
could excommunicate
Galileo in front of the Inquisition, 12 April 1633

12. II. Growth of Papal Power
Mid 1000s – Pope Leo IX reformed church;
concerned with simony; some bishops were
excommunicated
Saint Leo IX
21 June 1002 – 19 April 1054

13. II. Growth of Papal Power
1054 – Patriarch of Constantinople rejected
pope’s authority and was excommunicated;
church split

14. II. Growth of Papal Power
Late 1000s - Kings or nobles selected bishops; changed when Pope Gregory VII disagreed and excommunicated HRE Henry IV
The Investiture Controversy - dispute between Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII over who would control appointments of church officials (investiture). Pope Gregory excommunicated Henry. Henry IV repented and then waited three days to meet Pope Gregory VII and the Countess Matilda to ask forgiveness.

15. IV. The Church and Medieval Life
Church leaders were feudal lords and political
advisors; popes held political and spiritual
power over monarchs

16. III. Monasticism Monasticism - life in religious communities;
monks in monasteries and nuns in convents

17. A monk at work in a monastic scriptorium
III. Monasticism
Monks and nuns served God through fasting,
prayer, work, and self-denial
A monk at work in a monastic scriptorium

18. III. Monasticism
Benedict established monastery in the 500s; Benedictine Rule governed monks’ lives

19. III. Monasticism
Benedictine Rule abandoned in 900s after rulers began appointing unqualified abbots

20. III. Monasticism
Cluny, France - monastery reestablished Benedictine Rule and became most influential monastery in Europe