Introduction to Chemistry
What is Chemistry? The study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes The study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes
Matter Anything that has mass and occupies space (volume)
Five major branches of chemistry Organic Organic
Inorganic Inorganic
Analytical Analytical Physical Physical Biochemistry Biochemistry
Pure Chemistry – knowledge for knowledge sake Pure Chemistry – knowledge for knowledge sake Applied Chemistry – directed toward a practical application Applied Chemistry – directed toward a practical application
Book examples Nylon Aspirin
Why study Chemistry??? Explaining the natural world Explaining the natural world Prepare for a career Prepare for a career Be an informed citizen Be an informed citizen
Energy Chemistry plays a vital role in finding ways to conserve, produce, and store energy Chemistry plays a vital role in finding ways to conserve, produce, and store energy
Medicine and Biotechnology Medicines Medicines Surgical breakthroughs Surgical breakthroughs Genetic research Genetic research
Agriculture Protect crops Protect crops Increase food supply Increase food supply Increase strength and vitality of plants Increase strength and vitality of plants
Environment Pollution Pollution Catalytic converters Catalytic converters Acid rain Acid rain Ozone layer Ozone layer
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
1. Observation Gather data: qualitative or quantitative
2. Hypothesis t tentative explanation for what is observed (educated guess)
3. Experiments – set of controlled observations that test a hypothesis
–Independent variable – one you are going to change
–Dependent – changes depending on the independent variable
–control – standard for comparison –Model – visual, verbal and/or mathematical explanation of experimental data
Conclusion – judgment based on the information obtained – judgment based on the information obtained
Theory – explanation that has been supported by MANY experiments – explanation that has been supported by MANY experiments
Scientific Law – describes a relationship in nature that is supported by many experiments. – describes a relationship in nature that is supported by many experiments.