Ch. 1 Introduction to Chemistry

Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space

Chemistry The study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes

5 Major Areas of Study 1.Organic Chemistry 2.Inorganic Chemistry 3.Analytical Chemistry 4.Physical Chemistry 5.Biochemistry

Organic Chemistry All substances containing carbon

Inorganic Chemistry Substances without carbon

Analytical Chemistry Concerned with the composition of substances

Physical Chemistry Theories and experiments that describe the behavior of chemicals

Biochemistry The study of chemistry of living organisms

Pure Chemistry The pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake

Applied Chemistry Research that is directed towards a practical goal or application

Macroscopic Objects that are large enough to be seen with the unaided eye

Microscopic Objects that can be seen only under magnification

Alchemy Alchemists were searching for a way to turn other substances (i.e. lead) into gold They developed the tools and techniques for working with chemicals

Scientific Method One logical, systematic approach to the solution of scientific problems. Steps include: 1.Making observations 2.Testing hypothesis 3.Developing theories

Observation Use your senses to obtain information directly

Hypothesis A proposed explanation for an observation based on previous knowledge (or research) Must be specific Must be testable Is only useful if it accounts for what is actually observed

Experiment A means to test a hypothesis

Manipulated Variable (Independent Variable) The variable that you can change Time Temperature Volume Speed Pressure Independent Variable

Responding Variable (Dependent Variable) The variable that is observed during the experiment Dependent Variable

For the results of an experiment to be accepted the experiment must produce the same results no matter how many times it is repeated or by whom

Theory A broad and extensively tested explanation of why experiments give certain results. A theory can NEVER be proven because a new experiment can always disprove it

Scientific Law A concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments. Scientific law describes natural phenomena without attempting to explain it