The Anglo-Atlantic World British Culture Lays the Foundation for Colonial America

2 The British Isles

Albion’s Seed

4 Five Major British Settlements in the Atlantic World Irish plantations— ’s Virginia (Chesapeake)— ’s Bermuda—1612 Massachusetts Bay ’s West Indies (Barbados & Leeward Islands ’s

British Regions & Cultures

British Island Colonies ’s

Massachusetts Bay Colonies

9 What the British Found  Vast Land  Climate and resources  Continuous frontier

Eastern Native American’s Major Tribal & Linguistic Regions

11 John White’s Depiction of Native American Indians

12 Characteristics of Native Americans in in North America Social Organization—tribal or chiefdoms Nomadic & sedentary Communal living & territorial conflict Religion—animists Gender roles

13 What the British Brought  The political and legal system  The class system  Cultural traits  Land organization

14 Four distinct British cultures the Virginians the Puritans the Quakers the Scots-Irish & Scots

15 The Virginians: An Empire Built on Smoke

16 Jamestown 1607

17 Jamestown & the Virginia Company— 1607 Chesapeake Indians & starving time; tobacco, head rights, & indentured servants High mortality rate Indian war—Good Friday, 1622 William Berkeley & Cavaliers Origins—southern & western counties Social order--hierarchy

18 The Puritans

Massachusetts Bay Colony—1630 A “City upon a Hill”--John Winthrop Low mortality & family Seed towns & the Puritans--the Congregational Church Calvinism Origins—East Anglia Social order---ordered liberty

20 The Quakers

William Penn’s “holy experiment”— 1681 Quaker beliefs & Philadelphia Diversity—Swedes, Dutch & Germans the Lenapes (Delaware) Indians Origins—the Midlands of England Social order—social peace

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23  18 th century migration waves to the American backcountry ancestry & religion Scotch-Irish pride ultimate frontiersmen  Origins—Borderlands, Highlands & Ulster  Social order—lex talonis & natural liberty

Extent of Settlement in 17 th Century Colonial America

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26 Colonial Economic Development & Slavery New England and Mid-colonies economies Southern plantation economy Establishment of slavery The slave trade Adoption of slavery in the colonies The creation of chattel slavery

28 Colonial Women’s Place Origins of beliefs about gender: morally inferior intellectually inferior naturally inferior Colonial women and English common law Cultural gender folkways

29 Evangelistic Protestantism: An American Religion Primary Characteristics God & the individual the Written Word Pluralism & absence of clericalism Sense of mission & Protestant work ethic Revivalism: the “born again” experience

30 Colonial Expansion & Conflict 17 th & 18 th Centuries

32 Challenges to Puritan conformity Roger Williams & Anne Hutchinson— 1630’s Bacon’s Rebellion Cultural animosities Growth & localism—the 13 colonies Colonial Conflict: Religion, Social Class & Culture

The New England Model Strong religious orientation (Puritanism) Strong communal values: exclusivity, conformity, authoritarian, traditional Vigorous social institutions including patriarchal families & kinship networks Highly distinctive society unlike England & other English colonies; self-contained isolated, farming communities & middling sort social class

34 Early Virginia: The Chesapeake Model Commercial agriculture & market capitalism Values: individualistic, materialistic, permissive & secular Competitive & exploitive Hierarchical: Social & Economic differentiation (distinct classes) Strong similarity to England & most British colonies

35 Summary