FORMING A NEW GOVERNMENT The Articles of Confederation and The U.S. Constitution

THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION This document was designed to give little power to a central government. Most of the power went to the individual states. VS

WEAKNESSES OF THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION WEAKNESSOUTCOME Congress had no power to levy Or collect taxes 

WEAKNESSES OF THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION WEAKNESSOUTCOME Congress had no power to levy Or collect taxes The government was always short of money 

WEAKNESSES OF THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION WEAKNESSOUTCOME Congress had no power to levy Or collect taxes The government was always short of money  Congress had no power to Regulate trade at all

WEAKNESSES OF THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION WEAKNESSOUTCOME Congress had no power to levy Or collect taxes The government was always short of money  Congress had no power to Regulate trade at all Quarrels among states and difficulty trading with foreign countries. 

WEAKNESSES OF THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION WEAKNESSOUTCOME Congress had no power to levy Or collect taxes The government was always short of money  Congress had no power to Regulate trade at all Quarrels among states and difficulty trading with foreign countries.  Congress has no powers to enforce it’s laws.

WEAKNESSES OF THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION WEAKNESSOUTCOME Congress had no power to levy Or collect taxes The government was always short of money  Congress had no power to Regulate trade at all Quarrels among states and difficulty trading with foreign countries.   Congress has no powers to enforce it’s laws. The states had to enforce all laws.

WEAKNESSES OF THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION WEAKNESSOUTCOME Congress had no power to levy Or collect taxes The government was always short of money  Congress had no power to Regulate trade at all Quarrels among states and difficulty trading with foreign countries.   Congress has no powers to enforce it’s laws. The states had to enforce all laws. Nine states had to agree on new laws.

WEAKNESSES OF THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION WEAKNESSOUTCOME Congress had no power to levy Or collect taxes The government was always short of money  Congress had no power to Regulate trade at all Quarrels among states and difficulty trading with foreign countries.   Congress has no powers to enforce it’s laws. The states had to enforce all laws. Nine states had to agree on new laws.  Difficult to enact laws.

WEAKNESSES OF THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION WEAKNESSOUTCOME Congress had no power to levy Or collect taxes The government was always short of money  Congress had no power to Regulate trade at all Quarrels among states and difficulty trading with foreign countries.   Congress has no powers to enforce it’s laws. The states had to enforce all laws. Nine states had to agree on new laws.  Difficult to enact laws. All thirteen states had to agree to amend the Articles

WEAKNESSES OF THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION WEAKNESSOUTCOME Congress had no power to levy Or collect taxes The government was always short of money  Congress had no power to Regulate trade at all Quarrels among states and difficulty trading with foreign countries.   Congress has no powers to enforce it’s laws. The states had to enforce all laws. Nine states had to agree on new laws.  Difficult to enact laws. All thirteen states had to agree to amend the Articles  There was no practical way to change the government

WEAKNESSOUTCOME The government had no Executive Branch

WEAKNESSOUTCOME The government had no Executive Branch  There was no effective way to coordinate the government

WEAKNESSOUTCOME The government had no Executive Branch  There was no effective way to coordinate the government There was no national court system.

WEAKNESSOUTCOME The government had no Executive Branch  There was no effective way to coordinate the government There was no national court system.  There was no way to settle disputes between states.

WEAKNESSOUTCOME The government had no Executive Branch  There was no effective way to coordinate the government There was no national court system.  There was no way to settle disputes between states. The government could not raise an Army

WEAKNESSOUTCOME The government had no Executive Branch  There was no effective way to coordinate the government There was no national court system.  There was no way to settle disputes between states. The government could not raise an Army  The government could not protect the people or the land

All of these problems when lumped together made it impossible to run the new country. Changes had to be made and quickly if the US was going to survive.

Proof of a weak government appeared when SHAY’S REBELLION occurred. Farmers were thrown off their land for not paying their taxes. Daniel Shays led a rebellion that had to be stopped by the Massachusetts militia.

Two Accomplishments of the Articles of Confederation 1.) Land Ordinance of 1785 – Set up a system of dividing the land in the Northwest Territory. – Land divided into Townships with “36 one-square mile” sections.

The Government would take 4 sections (4 square miles) for their own use.

The money from the sale of one section was set aside to pay for public schools.

Anyone purchasing land from the government was required to buy one whole section (one -square-mile). The rest of the land was sold to pay off the War Debt.

THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE 2.) The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 set up a system of dividing the Northwest Territory into three, four or five smaller territories. – It also set up a system for territories to become states.

Once settlers arrive a Governor is appointed by Congress

Once 5,000 adult males establish residency they can elect a legislature to make laws.

Once 60,000 people arrive in there, the territory can then apply for statehood.

And – SLAVERY IS PROHIBITED in the Northwest Territory.

CHANGING THE GOVERNMENT By 1787 it was determined that the Articles of Confederation were not working. James Madison called for a meeting in Philadelphia to discuss changes to the Articles of Confederation.

THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION Every state sent delegates, except Rhode Island. They were afraid that the convention was going to adopt a new Constitution.

On May 25, 1787 George Washington was elected President of the Convention. They first attempted to change the articles but that didn’t work.

The decision was made to start a Federal Republic. That’s a government that shares power between the national government and the government of the states, with elected representatives of the people.

THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT The National Government will be made up of three branches. Each branch being equal.

THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH The Legislative Branch is made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Legislature is responsible for passing laws, ratifying treaties, approving Presidential appointments, overriding Presidential vetoes, etc.

THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH Headed by the President and the Vice President. The responsibility of the executive Branch is to enforce the laws. The President also appoints judges, vetoes bills passed by Congress, makes treaties with foreign governments.

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH Made up of the Supreme Court and lower courts. The courts are responsible for interpreting laws. There is one Supreme Court, 13 District Courts and 3 Circuit Courts of Appeal in 1787.

This guaranteed – A Separation of Powers. – Power was equal among the branches. – The National government has more power than the states. – No single part of the government becomes too powerful like a KING.

NATIONAL GOV’T. v. STATE GOV’T. NATIONALSTATE BOTH

NATIONAL GOV’T. v. STATE GOV’T. NATIONALSTATE BOTH Maintain an Army & Navy

NATIONAL GOV’T. v. STATE GOV’T. NATIONALSTATE BOTH Maintain an Army & Navy Declare War

NATIONAL GOV’T. v. STATE GOV’T. NATIONALSTATE BOTH Maintain an Army & Navy Declare War Coin Money

NATIONAL GOV’T. v. STATE GOV’T. NATIONALSTATE BOTH Maintain an Army & Navy Declare War Coin Money Regulate trade between states & with foreign countries

NATIONAL GOV’T. v. STATE GOV’T. NATIONALSTATE BOTH Maintain an Army & Navy Declare War Coin Money Regulate trade between states & with foreign countries Make laws necessary to carry out its powers

NATIONAL GOV’T. v. STATE GOV’T. NATIONALSTATE BOTH Maintain an Army & Navy Declare War Coin Money Regulate trade between states & with foreign countries Make laws necessary to carry out its powers Conduct elections

NATIONAL GOV’T. v. STATE GOV’T. NATIONALSTATE BOTH Maintain an Army & Navy Declare War Coin Money Regulate trade between states & with foreign countries Make laws necessary to carry out its powers Conduct elections Establish schools

NATIONAL GOV’T. v. STATE GOV’T. NATIONALSTATE BOTH Maintain an Army & Navy Declare War Coin Money Regulate trade between states & with foreign countries Make laws necessary to carry out its powers Conduct elections Establish schools Regulate businesses

NATIONAL GOV’T. v. STATE GOV’T. NATIONALSTATE BOTH Maintain an Army & Navy Declare War Coin Money Regulate trade between states & with foreign countries Make laws necessary to carry out its powers Conduct elections Establish schools Regulate businesses Establish local governments

NATIONAL GOV’T. v. STATE GOV’T. NATIONALSTATE BOTH Maintain an Army & Navy Declare War Coin Money Regulate trade between states & with foreign countries Make laws necessary to carry out its powers Conduct elections Establish schools Regulate businesses Establish local governments Regulate marriages

NATIONAL GOV’T. v. STATE GOV’T. NATIONALSTATE BOTH Maintain an Army & Navy Declare War Coin Money Regulate trade between states & with foreign countries Make laws necessary to carry out its powers Conduct elections Establish schools Regulate businesses Establish local governments Regulate marriages Assume powers not given to national government or denied the states.

NATIONAL GOV’T. v. STATE GOV’T. NATIONALSTATE BOTH Maintain an Army & Navy Declare War Coin Money Regulate trade between states & with foreign countries Make laws necessary to carry out its powers Conduct elections Establish schools Regulate businesses Establish local governments Regulate marriages Assume powers not given to national government or denied the states. Enforce its laws

NATIONAL GOV’T. v. STATE GOV’T. NATIONALSTATE BOTH Maintain an Army & Navy Declare War Coin Money Regulate trade between states & with foreign countries Make laws necessary to carry out its powers Conduct elections Establish schools Regulate businesses Establish local governments Regulate marriages Assume powers not given to national government or denied the states. Enforce its laws Establish courts

NATIONAL GOV’T. v. STATE GOV’T. NATIONALSTATE BOTH Maintain an Army & Navy Declare War Coin Money Regulate trade between states & with foreign countries Make laws necessary to carry out its powers Conduct elections Establish schools Regulate businesses Establish local governments Regulate marriages Assume powers not given to national government or denied the states. Enforce its laws Establish courts Borrow money

NATIONAL GOV’T. v. STATE GOV’T. NATIONALSTATE BOTH Maintain an Army & Navy Declare War Coin Money Regulate trade between states & with foreign countries Make laws necessary to carry out its powers Conduct elections Establish schools Regulate businesses Establish local governments Regulate marriages Assume powers not given to national government or denied the states. Enforce its laws Establish courts Borrow money Secure the safety & health of its citizens

NATIONAL GOV’T. v. STATE GOV’T. NATIONALSTATE BOTH Maintain an Army & Navy Declare War Coin Money Regulate trade between states & with foreign countries Make laws necessary to carry out its powers Conduct elections Establish schools Regulate businesses Establish local governments Regulate marriages Assume powers not given to national government or denied the states. Enforce its laws Establish courts Borrow money Secure the safety & health of its citizens Collect taxes

NATIONAL GOV’T. v. STATE GOV’T. NATIONALSTATE BOTH Maintain an Army & Navy Declare War Coin Money Regulate trade between states & with foreign countries Make laws necessary to carry out its powers Conduct elections Establish schools Regulate businesses Establish local governments Regulate marriages Assume powers not given to national government or denied the states. Enforce its laws Establish courts Borrow money Secure the safety & health of its citizens Collect taxes Build roads

COMPROMISES Not everyone agreed with what is going into the Constitution. Several compromises had to be made.

THE GREAT COMPROMISE LARGE STATES wanted representation to be based on population. The more people you had – the more representation you had (The Virginia Plan). SMALL STATES wanted representation to be equal. All states having the same power (The New Jersey Plan).

A BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE An agreement was reached to have a two house (Bicameral) legislature. THE SENATE – representation would be equal with each state having two Senators. THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES – representation would be based on population.

THE 3/5 COMPROMISE Southern states wanted to count slave as part of their population. Northern states were against this

Compromise – Slaves will count as 3/5 of a person.

COMPROMISE ON TRADE Northern states wanted a tax on imports to protect their businesses. Southern states did not want to pay taxes on imported goods. They also did not want a tax on their exported crops. The compromise was that there would be a tax on imports, but not on exports.

RATIFICATION In order for the Constitution to go into effect nine of the thirteen states had to ratify (approve) it. FEDERALISTS were those in favor of ratification. ANTI-FEDERALISTS were those opposed to ratification.

Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia and Connecticut agreed to it. Massachusetts agreed after a Bill of Rights was added. Maryland, South Carolina and New Hampshire were next. After New Hampshire signed it the Constitution went into effect. Then came Virginia, New York, North Carolina and Rhode Island in 1790.