1. Class Starter
Why did colonists grow angry with Britain after the French and Indian War?
Why did enslaved African’s agree to fight for the British in the Revolutionary War?
How did Britain's Financial situation affect their policy toward the colonists?

2. Class Starter Who won the American Revolution?
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
When was the Declaration of Independence approved?

3. The Birth of a Nation

4. The Articles of Confederation
1SS-E17. Describe the aspirations, ideals, and events that served as the foundation for the creation of a new national government, with emphasis on:
PO 1. the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution, and the success of each in implementing the ideals of the Declaration of Independence

5. A. Articles of Confederation
The ________________________________________ is the first United States Constitution
Ratified during the __________ in order to create a ____________
It created a loose Confederation of states creating a _______________________
Created a ____________________where each state has _________
Pass laws with __ out of 13 votes
Amending the Articles required ____________
Had no ____________or national _____________
Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union
Revolution
Unified army
“firm league of friendship”
One-house legislature
One vote 9
All 13 states
Single leader
Court system

6. B. Accomplishments of the Articles of Confederation
Systematic growth
The Articles created a plan for the _________________ and development of the United States.
The ______________________: established a system of land surveying and settlement we still use today
The _______________________: created a 3 step process for the admittance of new states to the Union.
Step One – Congress would appoint a governor, secretary, and three (3) judges for a territory.
Step Two – After ________ free male inhabitants moved into the territory, they elected a legislature and non-voting delegates to Congress.
Step three – When a territory had a population of _______ free male inhabitants they could apply to become a state.
Land Ordinance of 1785
Northwest Ordinances
5,000
60,000

7. C. Weaknesses of the Articles
They could not _____citizens directly. They could ask the states for money, but they had no power to force the states to give money to them.
Could not ___________________
Could not _____________who fought in the Continental army
They could not _____________________or _______.
States become _____________and ________________
They did not have the power to _______________.
Any power not clearly given to the Confederation Congress belonged to the _______.
They required all _____________ to approve a change or amendment in the Articles.
tax
Pay off war debts
Pay soldiers
Regulate commerce
trade
Competitors
Bitter enemies
Enforce laws
States
All 13 states

8. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
Effect
No power to tax
Government always short of money
No power to regulate interstate trade
Quarreling among states, difficulty arranging trade with other countries
No power to enforce the laws
Government depended on states to enforce the laws
Nines stated needed to approve laws
Difficult to enact laws
Unanimous decision of states for amendments
No practical way to change the powers of government
No executive Branch
No way to coordinate work of government
No national court system
No way to settle disputes among states

9. D. The Road to the Constitution
Weaknesses in the Articles began to show after the __________was over.
During war had a _____________
After war, each state government looked out for their _____________
States taxed their citizens excessively (______)
Farmers could not pay ______, which led to a rebellion known as _______________
Revolution
Common goal
own interests
ironic
debts
Shays’ Rebellion

10. E. Shays’ Rebellion
____________, a Massachusetts farmer, could not pay his high state taxes (b/c the Confederation Congress could not pay him) and the state was going to take his farm. He led a _________that lasted from September 1786 to March 1787, storming an _______ and disrupting court business to stop the government from taking more land from farmers.
Daniel Shays’
Rebellion
arsenal

11. Shays’ Rebellion
Congress was __________to stop the rebellion. The Massachusetts state militia had to put down the rebellion.
As a result of Shays’ Rebellion, many people began calling for a ______________________.
powerless
Stronger central government

12. 1SS-E17. Describe the aspirations, ideals, and events that served as the foundation for the creation of a new national government, with emphasis on:
PO 1. the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution, and the success of each in implementing the ideals of the Declaration of Independence

13. The Annapolis Convention
At the Annapolis Convention in 1786, delegates from 5 states met to discuss ways to promote trade among the states.
The delegates believed that creating national trade laws would help the economies of all states.
To create these new laws the Articles of Confederation would have to be amended because the national government had not been granted the power to regulate trade among the states.

14. The Annapolis Convention
These delegates called for all states to send representatives to Pennsylvania to discuss the amendments or changes to the Articles of Confederation.
At first, many Americans doubted the national government needed strengthening, but news of Shays Rebellion made people realize that a stronger national government was needed.

15. The Constitutional Convention
In May of 1787, 55 men representing 12 of the 13 states met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Rhode Island was the only state not represented.
The goal of this convention was to give the government increased powers to solve the nations problems.
All delegates at the convention were wealthy and well thought of in their state. They consisted of merchants, planters, physicians, generals, governors, and especially lawyers.
The delegates at the Constitutional Convention were called the Founders, or the Founding Fathers of the United States.

16. The Constitutional Convention
George Washington was elected the president of the convention.

17. The Constitutional Convention
James Madison contributed to the convention by being informed, he kept thorough notes, worked out the Virginia Plan, which became the basic framework of our government.

18. The Constitutional Convention
The delegates decided the Articles of Confederation could not be amended, and they had to create a new plan of government.
At the convention the delegates wanted to discuss their ideas freely, so the discussions were kept secret.
The delegates agreed the national government should: 1) remain a republic 2) collect taxes as well as control trade among states and other countries, and 3) have three parts; a congress that made the laws, a president to ensure that laws were followed, and courts to try cases of national law.

19. The Constitutional Convention
The delegates did not agree on; 1) how many votes each state should have, 2) how the president would be chosen, and 3) how the power should be divided between the states and national government.
The delegates decided that the government would have 3 branches: the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, with a system of checks and balances, which would prevent any branch from becoming too powerful.

20. The Constitutional Convention
The delegates had to compromise on the issues of representation, slavery, the presidency and trade.
The new Constitution was signed by 39 of the original 55 delegates on September 17, 1787.

22. Ratification of the Constitution
The Confederation Congress presented the new Constitution to the states for approval or ratification.
Special Conventions in 9 of the 13 states would have to approve the new Constitution before it became the law of the land.
The people would decide on this new Constitution.