Morse Code.. / / _..... __ _. dot short sound - dash long sound 1 st Copy code 2 nd Translate code AIM: How is the Genetic Code Used?

Is mRNA an identical copy of DNA? NO!

Can you tell the difference? RNA DNA

DNA vs RNA DNA – main instructions Double helix Sugar – Deoxyribose Bases: Adenine – Thymine Guanine – Cytosine RNA – copy of instructions Single helix Sugar – Ribose Bases: Adenine – Uracil Guanine – Cytosine

Replication is not DNA’s only job! Coded copy change It is also used to make proteins

Transcription & Translation Transcription - process by which a DNA template is used to produce a single-stranded RNA molecule. Translation - process by which an RNA molecule is used to direct the production of a chain of specific amino acids.

Where in the cell does this happen?

1 st The genetic code needs to get TRANSCRIBED into mRNA The DNA base sequence needs to get copied into messenger RNA m

Why do we need a copy of the DNA? The DNA are the main instructions found in the nucleus, they can not leave the nucleus. Why not?

How is DNA transcribed into mRNA? Transcription One side of the DNA molecule is the template RNA Polymerase

Is transcription the same as replication? Transcription – coded copy of DNA to be used to make proteins. Replication - an identical copy of DNA to be given to new cells.

Making mRNA AUG ……………

2 nd the mRNA code needs to get TRANSLATED into a protein The mRNA copy needs to get changed into an amino acid sequence to make a protein m

How many mRNA bases = 1 amino acid? Codon (3 mRNA bases) = 1 amino acid codon Amino acid

Use the chart to translate the codon UUU = ACA = CAC =

What did we learn? What are the two jobs of DNA? How is replication different from transcription? What are the steps of protein synthesis? Replication & Protein Synthesis Transcription of DNA to mRNA, Translation into codon. Replication = identical copy Transcription = coded copy of information

What did we learn? Compare transcription and translation. How is DNA different from mRNA?

DNA Bingo = DINGO AUG -MET (START) GGU – GLY AAU – ASP UUG – LEU GAA – GLU AAA – LYS CGU - ARG UCG – SER AUC – ISO GUA - VAL UUU – PHE UCU – SER UGA – STOP DNA / mRNA / Amino Acid TAC CCA TTA AAC CTT TTT GCA AGC TAG CAT AAA AGA ACT