Reproductive Disorders

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Breast cancer The leading cause of death in woman between the ages of 32 and 52 Treatment Chemotherapy Radiation therapy Partial or full mastectomy Lumpectomy Life saving measures Monthly breast exams Mammogram Ultrasound Normal Abnormal

Breast Disorders Mastitis: infection of the breast tissue that results in breast pain, swelling, warmth and redness of the breast. Mammogram- breast x- ray to detect tumors, recommended annually for women over 40.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) infection of the female reproductive organs usually occurs when sexually transmitted bacteria spread from your vagina to your uterus and upper genital tract. Can be asymptomatic (especially due to chlamydia) What are risk factors? Unsafe sexual practices that increase your likelihood of acquiring a sexually transmitted infection (STI) — such as unprotected sex with one or more partners How is PID treated? Antibiotics

Polycystic ovarian syndrome Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder, women with the disorder — enlarged and containing numerous small cysts located along the outer edge of each ovary Cause: unknown Symptoms: Menstrual abnormality, Treatment: birth control

Endometrial tissue found outside the uterus Results in internal bleeding, inflammation of surrounding areas and formation of scar tissue, dysmenorrhea, infertility, heavy or irregular bleeding, abdominal pain May lead to permanent damage to organs Cause: Unknown Endometriosis

Cervical Cancer Test to detect cancer of the cervix is called Papanicolaou (pap) smear (Should be done yearly)\ MOST COMMON CAUSE- HPV RX- early detection, hysterectomy, chemotherapy, and radiation Gardasil and Cervarix

Bacterial infection caused by a staphylococcus organism Sym- fever, rash and hypotension Cause – use of tampons TX-antibiotics Toxic Shock Syndrome

Not a sexually transmitted illness. However, sexual partners may be infected and need to be treated to prevent re-infection Vaginal yeast infection caused by the fungus candida Antibiotic use Symptoms: vaginal irritation, intense itchiness and vaginal discharge To reduce your risk of vaginal yeast infection: Avoid douching. Wear cotton underwear and loosefitting pants or skirts. Avoid tight-fitting underwear or pantyhose. Change out of wet clothes, such as swimsuits or workout attire, as soon as possible. Stay out of hot tubs or very hot baths. Treatment: ANTIFUNGAL Meds

Laparoscopy- Under anesthesia, abdomen distended with carbon dioxide gas to make organs easier to see,- – tube with a light on it is inserted through tiny incision,- – can remove tissue with laparoscope

Reproductive Procedures Hysterectomy- surgical removal of the uterus Mastectomy- surgical removal of the breast Vasectomy- male sterilization, removes part of vas deferens

Contraception Methods of preventing pregnancy some degree of protection against STDs. Understanding required for practice as a health care worker. Male- Vasectomy Female-Tubal ligation MethodEffectiveness Abstinence100% Sterilization100% Birth Control Pills 95-99% IUD93-99% Diaphragm90-99% Condom85-97% Spermacides, Douching, Withdrawl and Rhythm ????-85%

Syphilis- life-threatening, 1st sign are genital sores called chancres Bacterial 2 nd stage(6-12 wks)- patches in hands and feet, skin lesions, patches in mouth, throat and cervix, rash on body, and flu symptoms Final stage (10-40 yrs) liver damage, heart disease, paralysis, death Sexually transmitted infections

STDs Gonorrhea-painful urination, yellow discharge(MALE) no symptoms in female Tx; antibiotics Can lead to being sterile if untreated Chlamydia- most common curable, abnormal discharge and burning

Genital Herpes A viral infection STD Burning sensation with small blisters on genitalia Sym- disappear after 2 weeks but will continue to reappear throughout the lifetime of the individual. Females may need a C-section to prevent infection of newborn during childbirth.

Resources Posse Health- POSSE (Prevent Ongoing Spread of STIs Everywhere) is a program of the HIV & STI (Sexually Transmitted Infection) Outreach Section at the Forsyth County Department of Public Health. Posse Health