The Ancient Greeks B.C. Chapter 4

Section 1 Early People of the Aegean The Geography of Greece The Geography of Greece Extends to Mediterranean, includes islands along the Aegean Sea Extends to Mediterranean, includes islands along the Aegean Sea Rugged and mountainous Rugged and mountainous Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization Island of Crete, 2600 B.C. Island of Crete, 2600 B.C. Sea Trade Sea Trade Declined about 1450 B.C. Declined about 1450 B.C. Mycenaean Civilization Mycenaean Civilization Southern Greece Southern Greece Mycenae and Thebes Mycenae and Thebes 1300 B.C. and Empire is formed around the Aegean 1300 B.C. and Empire is formed around the Aegean

Trojan War Trojan War Causes Causes Homer Homer The Iliad and the Odyssey The Iliad and the Odyssey

Section 2 The Rise of Greek City-States Polis Polis Acropolis Acropolis Types of Government Types of Government Monarchy Monarchy Aristocracy Aristocracy Oligarchy Oligarchy Democracy Democracy Sparta Sparta Southern Peninsula of Greece Southern Peninsula of Greece Spartan legacy Spartan legacy Athens Athens Written Laws Written Laws Solon’s Reforms Solon’s Reforms Social and Economic Social and Economic Religion – polytheism Religion – polytheism Mt. Olympus Mt. Olympus Gods Gods Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Hades, Ares, Apollo, Athena Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Hades, Ares, Apollo, Athena Olympic Games Olympic Games

Section 3 Conflict in the Greek World Persian Wars Persian Wars Threat from the Persians Threat from the Persians Darius I and Xerxes Darius I and Xerxes Battle of Marathon Battle of Marathon 490 B.C. – Phidippides 490 B.C. – Phidippides Battle of Thermopylae Battle of Thermopylae Xerxes Xerxes 300 Spartans and 700 Greeks 300 Spartans and 700 Greeks Thermopylae falls in 480 B.C. Thermopylae falls in 480 B.C. The end of the wars The end of the wars Battle of Salamis and Plataea Battle of Salamis and Plataea The Delian League The Delian League Formal alliance with 150 other city-states Formal alliance with 150 other city-states Athenian Empire Athenian Empire

The Golden Age of Athenian Democracy The Golden Age of Athenian Democracy Pericles Pericles Democratic Reforms Democratic Reforms Direct democracy Direct democracy The Assembly - Juries The Assembly - Juries Freedom of Speech Freedom of Speech Ostracism Ostracism Education Education Reading, Arithmetic, Music Reading, Arithmetic, Music The Status of Women The Status of Women Inferior to men Inferior to men Slaves Slaves Daily Life Daily Life Farming Farming

The Peloponnesian War The Peloponnesian War Alliances formed Alliances formed Delian League & Peloponnesian League Delian League & Peloponnesian League 431 B.C. Sparta invades Athens 431 B.C. Sparta invades Athens Pericles brings Athenians into the walls of the city Pericles brings Athenians into the walls of the city Disease strikes, Pericles dies Disease strikes, Pericles dies Athens surrenders in 404 B.C. Athens surrenders in 404 B.C.

Section 4 The Glory that was Greece Classical Civilization Classical Civilization A style of art and thought which emphasizes order and simplicity A style of art and thought which emphasizes order and simplicity Art and Architecture Art and Architecture Painters and sculptors Painters and sculptors Parthenon – greatest remaining example of classic Greek architecture Parthenon – greatest remaining example of classic Greek architecture

Literature Literature Written History Written History Herodotus – Persian Wars Herodotus – Persian Wars Thucydides – Peloponnesian Wars Thucydides – Peloponnesian Wars Poetry Poetry Homer’s Epics Homer’s Epics Poetry as tributes Poetry as tributes Drama Drama Developed from poetry recitals Developed from poetry recitals Tragedies of gods and heroes Tragedies of gods and heroes Sophocles – Antigone and Oedipus Rex Sophocles – Antigone and Oedipus Rex

Science and Philosophy Science and Philosophy Philosophy – Natural Laws Philosophy – Natural Laws Thales – water is a basic element of nature Thales – water is a basic element of nature Pythagoras – universe was arranged in accordance with mathematical laws Pythagoras – universe was arranged in accordance with mathematical laws Democritus – nature made of tiny atoms Democritus – nature made of tiny atoms Hippocrates – studies of medicine and illnesses Hippocrates – studies of medicine and illnesses The Sophists – teachers, criticized by Athenians The Sophists – teachers, criticized by Athenians Socrates – Socratic Method Socrates – Socratic Method Plato – Recorded much of Socrates’ ideas Plato – Recorded much of Socrates’ ideas The Republic and the Apology The Republic and the Apology Aristotle – student of Plato, founder of Biology Aristotle – student of Plato, founder of Biology Books of Philosophy Books of Philosophy

Section 5 Alexander and the Hellenistic Age The Rise of Macedonia The Rise of Macedonia King Philip King Philip Builds strong army Builds strong army 338 B.C. – Breaks the Greek alliance, ending independence 338 B.C. – Breaks the Greek alliance, ending independence Alexander the Great Alexander the Great Phillip assassinated in 336 B.C., Alexander becomes new king Phillip assassinated in 336 B.C., Alexander becomes new king Conquers: Greek colonies, Persian Empire, Phoenicia, Egypt, Mesopotamia Conquers: Greek colonies, Persian Empire, Phoenicia, Egypt, Mesopotamia Between 334 and 326 B.C. – Alexander never lost a battle Between 334 and 326 B.C. – Alexander never lost a battle Dies of illness in 323 B.C. Dies of illness in 323 B.C. Empire splits Empire splits

The Hellenistic Age The Hellenistic Age Alexander’s legacy – spread Greek culture Alexander’s legacy – spread Greek culture Hellenistic Age – 200 years of Greek dominance in the Mediterranean Hellenistic Age – 200 years of Greek dominance in the Mediterranean Alexandria – Library at Alexandria Alexandria – Library at Alexandria Science Science Euclid – Geometry Euclid – Geometry Aristarchus – the planets revolve around the sun Aristarchus – the planets revolve around the sun Archimedes – pulley system Archimedes – pulley system

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