This analysis summarises information about energy resources in partner countries in last 20 years. There are described possibilities of the partner countries or the world in the matter of solving energy resources, increasing energy consumption and energy consuming devices. The study is based on participant contributions at partner meetings and from lectures and excursions in energetic companies.

Activity - O1-A1 Each country in the world uses several resources for producing electrical energy and prefers mainly those which are from the local point of view available and convenient. Currently there are used power plants coal-fired plants nuclear plants hydro-power plants wind hydro-power plants geothermal power plants photovoltaic power plants tidal power plants Future power plants nuclear fusion nuclear transmutation

Activity - O1-A1

The Slovak Republic

Activity - O1-A1 Electrical energy production: 28,59 miliard kWh consumption: 28,68 miliard kWh export: 11,86 miliard kWh import: 12,93 miliard kWh installed power generated: 8,074,000 kW

Activity - O1-A1 Electrical energy from fossil fuel: 38,5% of the total install power from nuclear power: 21,9% of the total install power from hydro-power plants: 19,4% of the total install power from renewable resources: 9,2% of the total install power

Activity - O1-A1 Hydro-power plants Hydro-power plants are located on the Rivers Vah, Orava, Hornad, Slana and Dunaj (Danube). The biggest plant of this kind in Slovakia there is „Čierny Váh“ with the power 735 MW - pumped storage power plant. Another important there is hydro-power plant „ Gabčíkovo“ on the River Danube in Bratislava. Use: electrical energy - 8 hydroaggregates are capable to generate 720 MW protection of areas against floods, which in the past caused considerable damage control level of the Danube - year-round navigability of the river stabilization of the river meant improving the quality of drinking water

Activity - O1-A1 Hydro-power plants. „Gabčíkovo“ „Čierny Váh“

Activity - O1-A1 Nucler power plants Nuclear power plant Mochovce The plant operates two nuclear pressurized water reactors of the type VVER 440/213, each with a capacity of 470 MW, each block produces about 3000 GWh annually, which covers 10% of electricity consumption in Slovakia. It started construction of two more units.

Activity - O1-A1 Nuclear power plants Nuclear power plant Jaslovské Bohunice Two reactors of the VVER-440/213 each with the capacity of 470 MW.

Activity - O1-A1 Thermal power plants Coal power plant Vojany with an installed capacity of 1,320 MW consists of two plants Power plant EVO I Operation EVO I consists of 6 blocks, burning coal, natural gas and fuel oil. Turbo-generators with an output of 6 × 110 MW, after five years of construction they were put into operation in Power plant EVO II EVO II consists of 4 blocks with an output of 4 x 110 MW. The operation was built between and boilers burn natural gas and heavy fuel oil. At present all the 4 units were shut down for economic reasons.

Activity - O1-A1 Coal power plant Vojany burns coal and woodchips as well

Activity - O1-A1 Photovoltaic power plants FVE Mochovce -4,136 panels located on 2 ha of land at Nuclear power plant Mochovce. Solar electricity is used for own consumption of building the 3rd and 4th block of Nuclear power plant and site facilities (operational area). That´s why Mochovce became absolutely clean source with zero greenhouse gas emissions. The capacity of one panel is 230 Wp, total installed capacity is 0.95 MWp

Activity - O1-A1 Photovoltaic power plants FVE Vojany – 3402 panels, each with a capacity of 280 Wp, located on three hectares of land in the area of the existing thermal power plant Vojany. Total installed capacity is the same as in Mochovce, i.e MWp. Because of the north location of Vojany the total annual production is lower than in Mochovce. In Vojany produced electricity is supplied to the network of Východoslovenské Distribution, Inc.

Activity - O1-A1 BULGARIA

Activity - O1-A1 Electrical energy production: 47,21 miliard kWh consumption: 28,5 miliard kWh export: 9,53 miliard kWh import: 3,35 miliard kWh installed power generated: kW

Activity - O1-A1 Electrical energy from fossil fuel: 46 % of the total install power from nuclear power: 15,5 % of the total install power from hydro-power plants: 21 % of the total install power from renewable resources: 17,5 % of the total install power

Activity - O1-A1 Nuclear power plants Nuclear power plants Kozloduj Currently there are two operating reactors VVER-1000, the power plant therefore has power 2000 MW. Originally there were in operation another four VVER-440 reactors, which are currently shut down. In the 80s the construction of Belene nuclear power plant started, in 1990 the work was stopped. In 2002 there was a restoration project, and the original plan was the first block started in 2013 and another a year later. The construction is carried out by the Russian company Atomstroyexport.

Activity - O1-A1 Hydropower plants The country has several small hydropower plants in the cascades : Sandanska Bystrica Pirinska Bistrica Koprinka Petrohan The energy group Energo-Pro operates 14 hydroelectric power plants with total installed power of 166 MW.

Activity - O1-A1 Thermal power plant The power plant Varna is located in northeastern Bulgaria near the Black Sea port of the same name and its location therefore represents rather significant logistic advantage. Installed capacity of 1,260 MW MW 6 blocks operated by Czech CEZ Group, it burns imported black coal.

Activity - O1-A1 Photovoltaic power plants The photovoltaic power plant Orešec covers an area of 10 hectares. It was built on the site of an abandoned factory for wood processing in the industrial zone, installed capacity 4,9MW.

Activity - O1-A1 TURKEY

Activity - O1-A1 Electrical energy production: 228,3 miliard kWh consumption: 197 miliard kWh export: 1,23 miliard kWh import: 7,42 miliard kWh installed power generated: kW

Activity - O1-A1 Electrical energy from fossil fuel: 61% of the total install power from nuclear power: 0% of the total install power from hydro-power plants: 34,3% of the total install power from renewable resources: 4,6% of the total install power

Activity - O1-A1 Thermal power plants Afşin Elbistan A1 355 MWbrown coal Afşin Elbistan B MWbrown coal Cengiz 1 a 22x MWcoal from imort Yumurtalık Sugözü210 MWcoal from imort Soma B1 034 MW brown coal Eren160 MW+ 2x 615 MW black coal

Activity - O1-A1 Gas power plants AKSA ENERJI MW steam-gas EUAS 6x 138,8 MW/ 3x 172,7 MW steam-gas EUAS 4x 239 MW/2x 238 MW steam-gas BAYMINA ENERJ 770MW steam-gas EnerjiSA (SABANCI) 930 MW steam-gas

Activity - O1-A1 Nuclear energetics Turkey's future energy mix also includes core. The first electricity Turkey could produce roughly from year 2018 of the Akkuyu nuclear power plant in Mersin. The Russian side will provide one hundred percent coverage costs, which are estimated at 20 billion USD. The project envisages the construction of 4 reactors (VVER-1200 modernized at 1200 MW), the Turkish government is considering the construction of another two nuclear power plants already to the year The first one could be built in Sinop near the Black Sea. The other area, the third – it is still speculation – it is talking about Igneada area near the border with Bulgaria.

Activity - O1-A1 Nuclear energetics Planned nuclear power plants in the provinces of Sinop near the Black and Mersin near the Mediterranean

Activity - O1-A1 Nuclear energetics Possible locations of planned third nuclear power plant building in Turkey

Activity - O1-A1 Hydro-power plants Overview of potential technical capacity of hydro-power (a total of 37.1 GW)

Activity - O1-A1 The annual potential from hydro-power resources

Activity - O1-A1 Overview of hydro-power plants and their capacity

Activity - O1-A1 Turkey with a capacity of MW belongs among the ten largest producers of wind energy in Europe. Potential for further development and growth is huge. By 2020, Turkey wants to increase the total capacity to 11,000 MW (8,000 MW of capacity that has already passed the approval process) and allow 6,500 new applications for construction. Currently Turkey has about 53 GW of the total capacity of electricity. Energy derived from wind in 2011 participated in total capacity with its 1.7 GW. Other devices should produce electricity with a volume of 4 GW. The best locations with favorable wind currents and changing pressure conditions according to analysis there are the eastern Mediterranean, the Aegean and the Marmara Sea. Wind energy

Activity - O1-A1 Turkish potential of wind resources (50 m)

Activity - O1-A1 Turkey has for the utilization of solar energy excellent conditions. It is located in the Mediterranean sun zone. The total energy potential is estimated to be 600,000 MW. By the year 2025 the capacity of solar panels in the private sector should reach 800 MW. Solar energy

Activity - O1-A1 The map of locations with the most sunshine in Turkey

Activity - O1-A1 Geothermal resources Geologically Turkey consists of the Aegean and the Anatolian plates, which occupy the central and western part of the country. The area has over 600 thermal springs with temperatures from 25 to 102 C. To this date, 506 wells were drilled with a total depth of 252,515 meters. Proven capacity of the geothermal wells and springs is 4,500 MWt. Eighteen fields that are all located in Western Turkey, are suitable for the production of electricity. The use of geothermal energy in Turkey covers a wide range of sectors: heating and domestic hot water, heating greenhouses, tourism (thermal).

Activity - O1-A1 Temperature distribution at a depth of 6,500 meters

Activity - O1-A1 Currently, there are three kinds of biomass energy use: Biofuels - conversion of biomass to liquid fuel, which is used in transport sector Bioenergy - production of electricity through direct burning of biomass and its conversion into gas Bio products - products that were previously manufactured with the contribution of oil, now there are used chemicals derived from biomass Biomass Biomass is another renewable resource that offers great possibilities to Turkey. At present, the Turkish electricity production from this source is a 200 MW, with the aim to reach a value of MW.

Activity - O1-A1 The forecast for world production of ethanol and biodiesel in the period

Analysis of energy and sources in the Czech Republic

Activity - O1-A1 Progress of gaining electrical energy v CR Production of electricity in the Czech Republic is mainly based on thermal, nuclear power and renewable sources (water, wind, solar, biomass, biogas). Net annual production of electricity in the Czech Republic is approximately 79.5 GWh with net exports approximately 15 GWh. The largest part - over 53% - is produced in thermal power stations for brown and black coal.

Activity - O1-A1 Production of electricity by the type of a plant, the Czech Republic [GWh] Parní elektrárny včetně spalovacích Jaderné elektrárny Vodní elektrárny OZE bez vodních elektráren Zdroj: ERÚ, MPO

Aktivita - O1-A1 Current state of self-sufficiency in consumption of electrical energy Czech Republic belongs among the countries that produce energy in an amount sufficient to satisfy domestic demand. Part of the electricity produced is exported abroad.

Activity - O1-A1 Export and import of electrical energy, CR [GWh] Source: ČSÚ

Activity - O1-A1 Export and import of electrical energy – balance, CR [GWh] Source: ČSÚ

Activity - O1-A1 In the Czech Republic, electricity is primarily produced in steam power plants. These are, however, in terms of environmental impact, the least desirable because it burns especially brown coal. Further electrical energy is produced in nuclear power plants. Their proportion of the produce electricity is growing. Renewables sources annually increase their share of electricity production. Proportion of each type of power plants on production of electricity in the Czech Republic

Activity - O1-A1 Electricity production according to the fuel type, the Czech Republic, 2013 Zdroj: ERÚ, MPO

Aktivita - O1-A1  Thermal power plants  Nuclear power plants  Hydro power plants  Other renewable resources  Solar power plants  Wind power plants  Biogas power plants  Biomass power plants Overwiew of the biggest power plants in the CR

Thermal power plants: Activity - O1-A1

Thermal power plants: Dětmarovice power 800 MW Mělník 1 x 352 MW, 2 x 110 MW a 1 x 500 MW Počerady power 5 x 200 MW Prunéřov 4 x 110 MW, 5 x 210 MW Tušimice 4 x 200 MW Activity - O1-A1

Nuclear power plants:

Nuclear power plants: Temelín 1 x 1078 MW, 1 x 1055 MW Dukovany 1760 MW Activity - O1-A1

Hydro-power plants:

Dlouhé stráně 650MW Dalešice 480 MW Orlík 364 MW Slapy 144 MW Lipno 120 MW Activity - O1-A1

Other renewable resources Solární energie Wind power Bioplyn Biomass Power Plant

Activity - O1-A1 Solar power plants: Běžerovice 3 MW Buštěhrad2,4 MW Čekanice4,4 MW

Activity - O1-A1 Wind power plants: Janov2x2 MW Věžnice2x2 MW

Activity - O1-A1 Biogas power plants: Číčov 100% clean green energy fuel (e.g. corn silage, sugar beet pulp and roots)

Activity - O1-A1 Power plants on biomass : Hodonín100% Tisová, Ledvice, Chvaletice (partly)

Activity - O1-A1 The most important gas suppliers : Gas bill comprises both cost for distribution and for gas supply. About 80% of the total amount is payment fot the energy. The remaining 20% goes to the distributor account.

Activity - O1-A1 ČEZ ČEZ is the dominant energy company in Central and Eastern Europe. The largest electricity producer in the Czech Republic supplies its customers with heat and gas.

Activity - O1-A1 E.ON The company E.ON has been on the Czech market since It supplies with natural gas more than 110,000 customers, mostly in southern Bohemia and southern Moravia.

Activity - O1-A1 Pražská plynárenská The company Pražská plynárenská operates throughout the Czech Republic. Services of this traditional supplier of natural gas are used by 420,000 customers from all the CR. Since 2012, customers have been able to buy also electricity from this company.

Activity - O1-A1 RWE RWE belongs among the five largest energy companies in Europe. It is active in production, trade, transportation and supplying of electricity and gas.

Activity - O1-A1 The most important suppliers of electricity: The total price of electricity has two basic parts: 1 / The energy price is very marketable, it depends on the offer of energy companies and customer´s choice. 2 / The value of other services is determined by the state, mostly Energy Regulatory Office (ERO) or directly by the government.

Activity - O1-A1 ČEZ Prodej It is the largest electricity supplier in the Czech market, it has a large network of branches in the northern half of the country and a large number of product ranges. Number of customers: 3,867,116

Activity - O1-A1 RWE It belongs among the five largest power companies in Europe. It is active in production, trade, transport and energy supply. Number of customers: 1,773,184

Activity - O1-A1 E.ON Energie It is an established and globally operating energy company that offers a wide range of products for customers throughout the Czech Republic. It is the prime contractor for South Bohemia (gas and electricity) and South Moravia (electricity) Number of customers: 1,310,000

Activity - O1-A1 Pražská energetika It is the dominant supplier of electricity in Prague, but customers can also order it in the other part of the Czech Republic. It only supplies electricity. Number of customers: 701,703

Activity - O1-A1 Prices of electricity: