Church: 20 th century The 20 th century: Pope Leo XIII dies in 1903 [the oldest pope in history, was 93] {Guiseppe Sarto}St. **Pope Pius X ( ) encouraged frequent communion by lowering age from 14 to seven.** Started “Catholic Action” groups to help the poor. He became the first pope canonized (1954) since the 1500s. {St. Pope Pius V} {Giacomo Chiesa} Pope Benedict XV ( ) He called W.W.I. an unjust war. He gave away large sums of Vatican money to help those devastated by the war. He told the “World” not to humiliate the German people after everyone knew they were going to be defeated.

Totalitarianism: Communism and Fascism Communism follows Marxist ideas and strives to have the government take control of production thereby doing away with private ownership, “a classless society”. Who were the dictators in Russia? Under the dictator Lenin ( ) and his successor (Stalin) Russia strives for a communistic and atheistic state. Christians are greatly persecuted and 61.9 million Russians are executed, out of a population of 150 million [40% of the population]. 100,000 Orthodox priests were executed.

Fascism= definition? one group feels superiority {race, religion, etc.} examples in Europe (1) Mussolini in Italy (2) Hitler in Germany (3) Franco in Spain—between ,832 priests and 13 bishops were killed, around 1 million people were killed under his regime. In Poland 6 million civilians were killed, 3 million Christians {1/4 of the Polish priests, approx. 2,000}, and 3 million Jews— 90% of their population. {Ambrogio Ratti} Pope Pius XI ( ) communism and fascism are evil!! a

{Eugenio Pacelli} takes the name Ven. Pope Pius XII ( ), all through W.W.II. He speaks out against fascism, but to no avail. Jews are hidden all over the Vatican; and after the war the Chief Rabbi of Rome and his family become Catholic in 1945; and the Rabbi took Eugenio as his baptismal name. Sts. Edith Stein and Fr. Maximilian Kolbe die for their faith in Auschwitz. What event ends the war? The atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki end the war., 1945 (Religious wars during the last 2,000 years killed around 2.5 million people. In the last 100 years atheistic dictators have killed around 305 million people. Study from the Univ. of Hawaii)

What kind of war starts now? “cold war” emerges between USSR and U.S. Communistic regimes control Eastern Europe. In the 1980’s Pres. Reagan and St. Pope John Paul II (the Great) help to crush communism in the USSR and E. Europe. The Berlin wall comes down when? Communist dictator in China, 1949? “Mao Tse-tung”, Eventually some 65 million Chinese will be killed. There is still an underground Church in China today. (Stop)

1960’s to present Agnes Bonjaxhiu (Bl. Mother Teresa { })She became a sister of Loretto in She founded the Missionaries of Charity in She served the poorest of the poor in Calcutta, India for almost 50 years. She won the Nobel Peace Prize and was considered the most admired woman in the world during the 80’s and 90’s. Ven. Pope Pius XII dies in 1958 and {Angelo Roncalli} St. Pope John XXIII ( ) calls for the “Second Vatican Council” 1962-’65, our last ecumenical council. Four huge areas of renewal {1} Liturgy: get back to the early days of the Mass= said in native language, everyone participates, both the body and blood of Christ, singing and great communal spirit.

Second Vatican Council {2} How the Church sees itself: not just a hierarchy but a community of believers “People of God”. Lay participation at many levels and permanent deacons again. {3} Ecumenism: We have to dialog with others in the world. Catholics are only 15% of the world’s population. Heal divisions within the Jewish and Protestant church as well. We have to respect each person’s free-will to say yes or no to God.

{4} Relations with the modern world: we have to reach out in love to all levels of society {from the rich to the poor}. Modern uses of technology and science to better all mankind. Promote a “culture of life” and “a civilization of love”. Pope St. John XXIII died in {Giovanni Montini} Blessed Pope Paul VI carried on his mission, { }.After the Council Pope Paul became the first pope to address the U.N. in 1965, “If you want peace, you must work for justice”. The first pope since St. Peter to visit the Holy Land. Pope Paul VI dies in Who becomes our next pope?

{Albino Luciani} Pope John Paul I is elected. He dies of a massive heart attack after 33 days in office. Whose next? Saint {Karol Wojtyla} Pope John Paul the II {the Great}is elected (Oct. 16, April 2, 2005) Third longest reign. Pope John Paul the Great received two doctorates, spoke 13 languages, and said that his favorite prayer was the rosary ‘the school of Mary”. In 26 ½ years 1,345 people are made Blessed and 483 Saints. He visited 129 countries. He writes lots of letters, ¼ of his papacy is spent on the road, starts ‘World Youth Day’, gave around 20,000 speeches, in 1992 the updated “Catechism” is published, “Theology of the Body” and on and on….amazing, holy, and prophetic man. The Great!!!! “If you want peace work for justice. If you want justice defend life. If you want life, embrace the truth: the truth revealed by God”.

Pope Benedict XVI {Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger} was elected the 265 th pope on April 19, He resigns from office on Feb. 28, Cardinal Bergoglio, Pope Francis {first pope from the Americas}, was elected the 266 th pope on March 13, Today approximately 70% of all Catholics live in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. We are not a European Church, but a worldwide Church. Bl. Mother Teresa and St. Pope John Paul the Great have shown us how to serve people in every country of the world.