1. DO NOW: READ THE PASSAGE “VATICAN RADIO ON PG 173. IF YOU HAVE AN IPAD, THEN GO TO WWW.VATICAN.VA Chapter 16 “Renewing Our Relationship with Christ” 1861- present

2. Chapter 16 ~ lesson 1 Concept: How did the Catholic Church grow in a diverse nation? Plenary Council: a council to be attended by all the countries’ bishops Ecumenical Council: A world-wide council Questions: 1. What was the goal of the Third Plenary Council in 1884? 2. Why did Pope Pius XI negotiate treaties with Mussolini & Hitler? How & Why did this change in 1937?

3. Chapter 16 ~ lesson 1 In the mid-nineteenth century, Americans were faced with a decision about slavery. Catholics were divided over the topic of slavery. In 1865, the Civil War ended and granted freedom to all. The First Plenary Council – In Baltimore in 1852, it was decided that pastors teach Christian doctrine, and that every parish have a school. The Second Plenary Council – In Baltimore in 1866, the council met to address the needs of the Church in the newly reunited United States.

4. Chapter 16 ~ lesson 1 The Third Plenary Council – In Baltimore, in 1884, they voted to establish a nation-wide Catholic School system, and gave American Catholics the Baltimore Catechism. By 1900 there were 12 million Catholics in the U.S. The Vatican declared America was no longer a mission country.

5. Chapter 16 ~ lesson 1 World War I & The Great Depression

6. Chapter 16 ~ lesson 1 In 1917, the US entered WW I. Pope Benedict XV pleaded for peace. By the end of the war, 9 million soldiers were dead and millions of civilians were killed. In 1929, another terrible event took place in America – the Stock Market Crash. Stock prices fell, people lost their investments, people lost their jobs, prices plunged, farmers couldn’t sell their crops, and people lost their homes. America had entered the period known as the Great Depression.

7. Chapter 16 ~ lesson 1 Pope Pius XI issued the encyclical “Quadragesimo Anno,” meaning “After Forty Years.” This encyclical was issued to summarize Pope Leo XIII’s encyclical Rerum Novarum, calling once again for social justice. In Europe, collapsing economies prompted citizens to look for leaders who would restore confidence. In 1933 Adolf Hitler and his Socialist Party gained control in Germany, and Benito Mussolini took control of the Italian Government in 1922.

8. Chapter 16 ~ lesson 1 Pope Pius XI negotiated treaties with Mussolini and Hitler. The Lateran Treaty of 1929 made Vatican City independent from the Italian government. In 1933, the Pope and Hitler entered into the concordat of 1933, whereby Hitler would respect the rights of the Church. His promise was broken as he stepped up his persecution of Germany’s Jews. He also silenced and arrested sympathetic Catholics.

9. Chapter 16 ~ lesson 2 Questions: 1. Who was Archbishop Francis Cardinal Spellman? 2. How were Catholics affected by the outcome of WWII? 3. Who was Pope John XXIII? 4. Who was Pope Paul VI? 5. What was the Second Vatican Council?