Chapter 15 - Review Classification Systems Charles Page High School Dr. Stephen L. Cotton
Chapter 15 - Review l Taxonomists try to create taxa that group organisms according to biological importance l From it’s name, you know that the organism Malus sylvestris must be in the species sylvestris l The order to which humans belong is primates
Chapter 15 - Review l In classification, families of plants are grouped into orders l If an organism is multinucleate and does not have it’s cells separated by cell walls, it is a fungi l In classifying organisms, the least clear-cut division is between the eubacteria and anarchaebacteria
Chapter 15 - Review l If you observe a multicellular organism whose cell walls lack cellulose, it is a fungi l If an organism is warmblooded, does it have to be a mammal? no l The common house cat is in the same genus as which of the following: mountain lion
Chapter 15 - Review l Birds, fish, and reptiles are classified as cordata l Multicellular algae are classified in the kingdom plantae l A heterotroph whose cell walls lack chlorophyll is a fungi l If an organism makes it’s own food, it must be a(n) autotroph
Chapter 15 - Review l Members of the kingdom Plantae are multicellular and autotropic l There is strong biochemical evidence that the earliest living things on Earth were prokaryotic l Homo habilis and Homo erectus are not in the same species
Chapter 15 - Review l Today, molds and yeasts are classified as fungi l From their scientific names, Zea mays and Allium cepa, you know that the two organisms are different genera l The organisms that led to the revision of Linnaeus’s original classification system were bacteria
Chapter 15 - Review l Present-day taxonomists attempt to group organisms according to their evolutionary relationships l Each of the following is important in classifying : developing embryos; analogous structures; homologous structures
Chapter 15 - Review l Differences in the structures of hemoglobin among animals resulted from mutations that must have occurred after the ancestors of the various species diverged. l Organic molecules that are almost identical from species to species are hemoglobin
Chapter 15 - Review l An animallike protist, unlike an animal, is unicellular l The most clear-cut division between kingdoms is between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic l An organism that is one-celled, has no nucleus, and has a cell wall without cellulose is a prkaryote
Chapter 15 - Review l The third smallest taxon in the Linnaean system of classification is the family l Hemoglobin is most similar in structure in which of the following: mammals and birds; amphibians and reptiles; fishes and frogs; dogs and lions
Chapter 15 - Review l If an organism is a protist, it must be a(n) eukaryote, unicellular l Today, molds and yeasts are no longer classified as plants l Humans and chimpanzees have DNA that differs in approximately 2% of the nucleotide sequences.
Chapter 15 - Review l Do organisms sometimes need to be reclassified from one taxon to another? yes l If you find an organism that is different from any known specimen, who has the privilege of naming it? You do l Did all organisms evolve from present-day prokaryotes? no
Chapter 15 - Review l Spirogyra crassa and Spirogyra nitida are different species l Scientists who classify organisms on the basis of similarities and differences between homologous structures are called anatomists l Unicellular algae are categorized as ______.
Chapter 15 - Review l The various taxa of plants may have evolved from plantlike protists. l Scientists have identified more than _______ species of organisms on Earth so far.
Chapter 15 - Review l The similarity between the chemical _________ in Felis leo and Felis tigris shows that the two species are closely related.