The Russian Revolution By Me and Him

●The cruel, oppressive rule of most of the 19th-century czars caused widespread social disruption for many years. ●As a result, army officers revolted in 1825 and hundreds of peasants rioted together. ● Secret revolutionary groups formed and plotted to overthrow the government. ● In 1881, student revolutionaries were angry over the slow pace of political change and assassinated the reforming czar, Alexander II. ●Alexander III succeeded his father and stopped all reformations and made Russia an autocracy. The First Phase

February Revolution (March 1917, February 23 on the Julian calendar) ●Due to the cost of World War 1, economy was disrupted and workers went on strike clamoring for bread. ●Petrograd army garrison was called to put an end to the uprising, and after killing some demonstrators, most of the garrison defected to join the strike, and the imperial government was forced to resign. ●A provisional government was formed with the Petrograd Soviet and they passed an order that instructed Russian soldiers and sailors to obey only those orders that did not conflict with the directives of the Soviet. ●The next day Czar Nicholas II abdicated the throne in favor of his brother Michael, whose refusal of the crown brought an end to the czarist autocracy.

Bolshevik Revolution (November 6, 1917) ●Revolutionaries led by Vladimir Lenin launched a successful coup against the provisional government, which was substantially weak from the February Revolution. ●His government made peace with Germany, but beginning in 1918 his government fought a civil war against anti-Bolshevik White Army forces. In 1920, the anti-Bolsheviks were defeated, and in 1922 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was established.

Tzar Nicholas II ●Born May 18, 1868 ●Believed in autocracy, but was forced to create an elected legislature ●Began construction of the trans-siberian railroad in 1891, causing Japan to feel threatened ●Japan attacked in 1904 ●Caused thousands of deaths on “Bloody Sunday” ●Nicholas and his family were killed on July 17, 1918 by the Bolsheviks

The Effects of industrialization ●The rapid industrialization in Russia caused a major problem to the people ●The bad working conditions, miserably low wages and child labor were the new problems that came from the growth of factories ●Workers became unhappy with their low standard of living and lack of political power ●Due to the large number of workers, many different revolutionary movements began to grow ●As these groups competed for power, the group that finally came above all others was a group that followed the views of Karl Marx ●The revolutionaries believed that the industrial class of workers would overthrow the czar and then form a dictatorship of the proletariat

Bloody Sunday (January 22, 1905) ●In November 1904 demand for reform was unanswered when Russian Government allowed a conference of Zemstvos (regional government instituted by Nicholas’s grandfather) ●Then on January 22, 1905, while a group of nonviolent workers marched to Nicholas’s palace, imperial forces opened fire and killed thousands ●Nicholas responded to the outrage by promising the formation of a series of representative assemblies

World War I ●In 1914 Nicholas II decided that Russia should be a part of the war against Germany ●Russia, though, was unprepared to pay for all the military and economic cost ●Before a year had passed more than 4 million Russian soldiers had been killed, wounded, or taken prisoner ●In 1915, Nicholas moved his headquarters to the war front and left his wife, Alexandra, in charge of the government ●Alexandra allowed Rasputin, who healed her son, to make key political decisions which lead to Russia’s downfall in the war

Questions 1.Who lead the coup against the provisional government? 2.What was the name of the regional government instituted by Nicholas’s grandfather? 3.What did Nicholas do that caused japan to feel threatened? 4.What were 2 of the 4 reasons workers were unhappy during the industrialization of russia? 5.How did Nicholas handle the outrage caused by Bloody Sunday?

Citations ●"Russian Revolution." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 14 May ●"Nicholas II." Bio. A&E Television Networks, Web. 19 May ●"Bloody Sunday Massacre in Russia." History.com. A&E Television Networks. Web. 18 May ●“Revolutions in Russia.” gcisd-k12. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 May 2014<