2. The Russian Revolution

3. Pre-Revolution Russia is an autocracy
Form of government in which one person has total control

4. Pre-Revolution Czar Nicholas II
1894
Imposed strict censorship codes on published materials and written documents
He had “secret police” watch secondary schools and universities
Oppressive government

5. Pre-Revolution Russification
The forcing of Russian culture on all other ethnic groups in the empire.

6. Pre-Revolution Rapid Industrialization THE FALLOUT!
Industrialize in 37 years
Between 1863 and 1900 Russia more than doubled the amount of factories they had
THE FALLOUT!
Grueling working conditions, low wages, and child labor
stirred discontent

7. Pre-Revolution Russo-Japanese War
Both imperialist powers, competing for Manchuria and Korea
Develop agreements, Russia breaks agreements
Japan attacks Russia 1904, defeats Russia
Japan is industrialized fully & has a stronger military
Creates civil unrest within Russia

8. The Marxists “Father of Communism”
Believes that the *proletariat (workers) will overthrow the government
Influences Russia
Newly industrialized, many problems, looking for a solution

9. The Marxists Mensheviks Bolsheviks Moderates
The “Radical” group of Marxists
Would sacrifice everything for change
Leader is Lenin

10. The Marxists Lenin Leader of the Bolsheviks
Tried to overthrow the Czar
Fled to Europe to avoid being arrested by the Czar

11. Bloody Sunday
January 22, 1905
200,000 workers protested working conditions at the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg
Czar Nicholas II ordered soldiers to fire on the crowd
More than 1000 wounded, several hundred killed

12. Bloody Sunday

13. Bloody Sunday Sparks waves of violence across the city
Czar sets up “Duma”
Parliament
Lasts 10 weeks
Bloody Sunday is seen as a dress rehearsal for the Russian Revolution

14. Involvement in WWI
Russia not equipped well enough, cannot compete with German army
Within 1st year, 4 million soldiers dead, captured or wounded
Czar Nicholas II  front lines to boost morale
Doesn’t work!
Destroys morale
Shortage of food and fuel
Desire to leave WWI

15. The March Revolution 1917
Women textile workers lead strike in city of Petrograd
Due to shortages of food and fuel created by WWI
Workers shout “Down with Autocracy”
Imperial Guard ceases fire, joins rioters
Czar Nicholas II forced to abdicate (give up) his throne
Within a year, entire family is executed

16. The March Revolution
Form *Provisional Government (temporary government)
Run by Alexander Kerensky, loses support when he wants to remain in WWI
Peasants demand land
City workers becoming more radical
Form *Soviets (local councils of workers and peasants)
Often more influential than the government

17. The Bolshevik Revolution
Bolshevik Revolution & Civil War

18. The Bolshevik Revolution
Lenin returns & regains control of Bolshevik party
Slogan: PEACE, LAND AND BREAD!
Peace – get out of WWI
Land – peasants want land
Bread – hunger, shortage due to WWI

19. The Bolshevik Revolution
Red Guard (Bolshevik army) take over Provisional Government, arrest all leaders
Gives farmland to peasants
Puts factories in control of the workers
Ends involvement in WWI
Signs Treaty of Bret-Litovsk, forcing Russia to give up land

20. The Bolshevik Revolution
Discontent with Bolsheviks:
Dislike terms of Treaty of Bret-Litovsk
Unhappy that the royal family was executed
Opponents of Bolsheviks form White Army
Leon Trotsky (leader during revolution) leads Red Army

21. Civil War White Army gets military aid and forces from Western Nations
including USA!
Red Army wins

22. Civil War Shows that the Bolsheviks can take and maintain power
14 million Russians dead (civil war, famine & flu epidemic)

23. Lenin Rules Russia Economy of Russia destroyed by war and revolution
Trade standstill, production stops, skilled workers flee to other countries
1921 Lenin delays full state run economy (communism)

24. New Economic Policy Small scale capitalism
Allows peasants to see their surplus crops instead of giving them to the government
Government lets small factories, businesses and farms operate under private ownership
(Government keeps control of major industry, banks and communication)
Promotes foreign investment (other nations spending money in/on Russia)
1928 producing as much as before WWI

27. The U.S.S.R. Nationalism is a threat to Russia
Create self governing republics under a large government (based in Moscow)
1922 changes name
Was: Russia
Now: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)
Nod to the “Soviet” councils
Soviet Union from
Bolsheviks become Communist Party

28. Under Lenin, the Soviet Union creates a constitution
*Under Lenin, the Soviet Union creates a constitution. They have the goal of being run like Marx had envisioned (where the workers rule the state) but instead create a dictatorship*