The Civil War Chapter 15, Section1 The Two Sides

Quick Review After Lincoln wins the election of 1860 the Confederate States of America had taken shape: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas Following the attack at Fort Sumter 4 more states joined: Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Arkansas.

Choosing Sides When the Civil War began, the Union and the Confederate States were concerned with the border states Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland and Delaware. Following the battle at Fort Sumter, these four border states remained in the Union. Losing the border states would seriously damage the North! All border states had very strategic locations.

President Lincoln acted boldly to ensure the border states remained with the Union. Lincoln told these border states that if they would support the Union, slave owners could keep their slaves. Lincoln used his power to arrest individuals who supported secession. The border states stayed in the Union, but many of their citizens joined the Confederate army.

West Virginia Most white southerners supported secession. However, pockets of Union support existed in Virginia. In 1861, 48 Virginia counties organized themselves as a separate state called West Virginia. West Virginia would support the Union and in 1863 would become a state.

Northern Advantages 1. Larger Population 2. More Industry and Resources 3. More ships and Larger Navy 4. Larger and More Efficient Railroad 5. Leadership of Lincoln

Southern Advantages 1. Strong support from the White Population 2. Fighting in Familiar Territory 3. Military Leadership 4. Military experience of Jefferson Davis

Northern War Aims 1. Bring Southern States back in the Union 2. Put an end to slavery

Northern Strategy 1. Blockade Southern Ports 2. Gain Control of Mississippi River 3. Take Richmond, Virginia (Confederate Capital)

Southern War Aims Win recognition as a free and independent country Preserve the traditional way of life

Southern Strategy 1. Defensive tactics with opportune offensive attacks 2. Make the North tired of fighting 3. Gain France and Britain as allies

THE CIVIL WAR WAS MORE THAN JUST A WAR BETWEEN STATES. THE WAR OFTEN PITTED BROTHER AGAINST BROTHER, PARENTS AGAINST CHILDREN, AND NEIGHBOR AGAINST NEIGHBOR!

Faces of the War The average age of a soldier in the Civil War was % of all troops were farmers. Most thought the war would be over within three months.

Faces of the War In 1861 the North (Yankees) had about 187,000 soldiers involved in the War. By the end of the war, the North would have used 2.1 million soldiers. In 1861 the South (Rebels) had 112,000 soldiers. By the end of the war, the South would have used 850,000 soldiers.

First Bull Run The first major battle of the Civil War was fought in northern Virginia about five miles from a town called Manassas Junction. This battle would be known as First Bull Run. 30,000 inexperienced Union troops commanded by General Irvin McDowell Vs. Confederate force of 28,000 led by General P.T. Beauregard.

First Bull Run Before the battle began, hundreds of cheerful residents (mostly from Washington D.C.) dressed in their finest clothing, packed picnic lunches and headed to Manassas to watch the battle. Most expected to see the Union crush the Rebels in a quick victory.

First Bull Run Confederate soldiers inspired by Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson forced the Union lines to break.

First Bull Run When the Union lines broke, Northern soldiers dropped their guns and began to flee back to Washington, D.C.. In the panic, many of the residents who came to enjoy the battle and a picnic lunch were stampeded. Several civilians died in the mass chaos.

First Bull Run Manassas (First Bull Run) was less than 50 miles from Washington, D.C.. So why did the Confederate Army not march on the Union capital?

First Bull Run Although victorious, the Confederates were too disorganized and weakened to pursue. Regardless, the South rejoiced. Many believed that the Southern victory meant an end to the war…

First Bull Run The outcome of First Bull Run shocked many people in the North. Northerners began to understand that the war may be a long difficult one. Lincoln immediately called for the formation of one million troops. Recruits quickly began to sign up. Lincoln also appointed a new general, George B. McClellan to head the Union army in the East.