The Cold War in the 1950s

According to Churchill, what divided Europe? An Iron Curtain

Lets Review What did the Truman Doctrine provide? Who did it provide it to? Greece and Turkey

The Marshall Plan

What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan?

What policy did the U.S. take toward Communism during the 1950s? What policy did the U.S. take toward Communism during the 1950s? ContainmentContainment

The Berlin Airlift The Soviet Union cut off access to Berlin, which the U.S. controlled part of What would happen? War????

Lasting result of the Berlin Airlift North Atlantic Treaty Organization = (NATO) – An alliance of European nations, led by U.S. to defend themselves against the Soviet Union

The Soviet Union responded to NATO by forming the Warsaw Pact

NATO vs. Warsaw Pact

China 1949, Communist in China overthrew the U.S. backed Nationalist 1949, Communist in China overthrew the U.S. backed Nationalist China was now a Communist Country China was now a Communist Country China was led by Mao Zedong China was led by Mao Zedong

Korea Korea had been divided into two nations at the 38 th Parallel: North and South Korea Korea had been divided into two nations at the 38 th Parallel: North and South Korea

Korea 1950 Communist North Korea invaded South Korea 1950 Communist North Korea invaded South Korea South Korea was about to surrender until the U.N. decided to help out South Korea was about to surrender until the U.N. decided to help out By U.N. I really mean U.S., 80% of troops were American By U.N. I really mean U.S., 80% of troops were American

Korea U.N. troops pushed North Koreans to the Chinese border U.N. troops pushed North Koreans to the Chinese border China then entered the war China then entered the war War lasted two more years before a truce was reached War lasted two more years before a truce was reached

Korean War Warfare – Limited War, Limited victory = Police Action Warfare – Limited War, Limited victory = Police Action

Korean War Douglas MacArthur wanted to drop nuclear weapons on China Douglas MacArthur wanted to drop nuclear weapons on China When he complained about President Truman not letting him do so, he was fired When he complained about President Truman not letting him do so, he was fired

The Arms Race Soviet Union exploded its first Atomic bomb in 1949 Soviet Union exploded its first Atomic bomb in 1949 Race then began for the Hydrogen Bomb – U.S. won Race then began for the Hydrogen Bomb – U.S. won During the 1950s the U.S. and U.S.S.R. raced to see who could produce more nuclear weapons During the 1950s the U.S. and U.S.S.R. raced to see who could produce more nuclear weapons

Russian Tsar Bomba Test (50 MT = Times the size of Hiroshima)

Arms Race Philosophies of the Cold War Philosophies of the Cold War Deterrence = Keep your military so strong that no enemy will attack Deterrence = Keep your military so strong that no enemy will attack Brinkmanship = We kept the U.S. always on the brink of war, so that the U.S.S.R. would never want to attack Brinkmanship = We kept the U.S. always on the brink of war, so that the U.S.S.R. would never want to attack Mutual Assurance of Destruction = MAD, if you use nuclear weapons you assure your own destruction Mutual Assurance of Destruction = MAD, if you use nuclear weapons you assure your own destruction

Arms Race in the Sky 1957, the Soviet Union sent the first satellite into space Sputnik 1957, the Soviet Union sent the first satellite into space Sputnik We responded by starting the NASA program and by making high schools students focus on math in science We responded by starting the NASA program and by making high schools students focus on math in science

U.S.S.R. first dog in space U.S. first monkey in space

Arms race in the sky President Eisenhower had told the Soviets that we weren’t flying spy missions over the Soviet Union President Eisenhower had told the Soviets that we weren’t flying spy missions over the Soviet Union U-2 Incident = A U.S. spy plane piloted by Gary Powers was shot down over the Soviet Union U-2 Incident = A U.S. spy plane piloted by Gary Powers was shot down over the Soviet Union

President Eisenhower Domino Theory = If one nation fell to Communism, other nations would fall too. Domino Theory = If one nation fell to Communism, other nations would fall too. Eisenhower Doctrine Eisenhower Doctrine= U.S. would aid nations in the Middle East that were fighting Communism

Cold War in the 1960s Fidel Castro had taken over Cuba in 1959 Fidel Castro had taken over Cuba in 1959 He quickly developed ties to the Soviet Union He quickly developed ties to the Soviet Union Cuba became a Communist nation Cuba became a Communist nation

Bay of Pigs Invasion To overthrow Castro, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) had trained a group of Cubans To overthrow Castro, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) had trained a group of Cubans In 1961 new President John F. Kennedy approved the Bay of Pigs Invasion In 1961 new President John F. Kennedy approved the Bay of Pigs Invasion It failed It failed

Cuban Missile Crisis 1962, U.S. spy planes photographed nuclear missiles that were being put in Cuba 1962, U.S. spy planes photographed nuclear missiles that were being put in Cuba American response = We blockaded Cuba and threatened war American response = We blockaded Cuba and threatened war

Will there be World War III? U.S. offered a deal to the U.S.S.R. U.S. offered a deal to the U.S.S.R. We agree to never invade Cuba if the missiles are taken out We agree to never invade Cuba if the missiles are taken out We secretly also agreed to take nuclear missiles out of Turkey We secretly also agreed to take nuclear missiles out of Turkey Cuban Missile Crisis = the closest we ever came to Nuclear War

The Berlin Wall The Soviet Union was worried about the number of East Berliners who were leaving for West Berlin The Soviet Union was worried about the number of East Berliners who were leaving for West Berlin They built the Berlin Wall to keep their people in They built the Berlin Wall to keep their people in The Berlin Wall became the symbol of the Cold War The Berlin Wall became the symbol of the Cold War

Q. The Truman Doctrine and the Eisenhower Doctrine were similar in that they both were designed to do what? A. Support West Berlin during the Soviet Blockade A. Support West Berlin during the Soviet Blockade B. Increase Israel's security against Arab states B. Increase Israel's security against Arab states C. Assist nations abroad to resist communism C. Assist nations abroad to resist communism D. Pledge to use negotiations rather than military action to solve disputes D. Pledge to use negotiations rather than military action to solve disputes

North Korea Today

The Ryugyong Hotel – Started in 1986

A busy street in Pyongyang

Pyongyang Stadium

Traffic Director

Border Guards Along the 38 th Parallel