Chapter 22 Cross Cultural Interactions 1000 - 1500 CE.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 22 Cross Cultural Interactions CE

people of Eastern Hemisphere traded, communicated & interacted as never before Mongols (pax Mongolica) create conditions for overland trade Improvement in maritime & other technologies led to increased traffic on Indian Ocean.

Exchanges on Indian Ocean and Silk Roads included Goods Technologies Religious faiths Diseases (Different effects China & Western Europe) Culture (troubadours see p. 575)

Travelers include: Marco Polo and other merchants Ibn Battuta and other Muslim scholars to newly converted Muslim areas. Missionaries - Sufi, Catholic - failed among Chinese and Mongols succeed in Scandinavia, E. Europe, Spain. Diplomats to Europe from Mongols of Persia

Recovery in China: Ming Dynasty After Mongols, Hongwu creates strongly centralized state Reinstates Confucian system of exams Also use Mandarins and eunuchs

Ming economic & cultural recovery from Mongols Forced peasant labor to rebuild infrastructure Promote production of: porcelain, silk, laquerware, cotton textiles Chinese culture stressed - Yongle Encyclopedia

Recovery in Western Europe: State Building Review Italy, Spain HRE, France and England

Trends Direct taxes as new sources or revenue Standing armies Authority of central governments over nobles Competition leads to small scale wars. States fund technology to improve weapons and ships

The Renaissance - cultural flowering that took place in Western Europe 14th - 16th Century Looked to Greece and Rome not medieval world Also linked by trade and preference to Eastern Hemisphere Admired realism This worldly not other worldly Man is the measure of all things Vernacular

Begins in Italian City States especially Florence Humanist literature Know people discussed on p Linear perspective

Linear Perspective

Alberti Grid

Doge Ruler of Venice (left) Bellini’s Portrait of Maryam (an exemplary “Muslim” Woman”

Brunelleschi Sacrestia Vecchia di San Lorenzo ( )

Brunelleschi’s Dome in Florence

Michelangelo (Pieta in Rome) & Botticelli

His Sistine Chapel “Creation”

Exploration and Colonization: Recovery from the Plague -China and W. Europe Early Ming emperors allow foreign merchants to trade in Guangzhou & Guangzhou Chinese silk, porcelain & manufactured goods for gems, spices, fabrics Zheng He’s voyages Why do the Chinese pull the plug - what did this mean for history

Zheng He - Muslim Eunuch Admiral

Chinese and European Ships

Unlike Chinese who sailed for diplomatic, political and military influence W. Europeans sought profit and an expansion of Catholicism Portugal - Henry the Navigator. To Ceuta, Maldives, Cape Verde, Sao Tome. Bring slaves from W. Africa to Atlantic islands for heavy labor on plantations. This leads to Atlantic slave trade

From Europe Around Africa to Indian Ocean Entrance of Portuguese into Indian Oceans signals the beginning of European Imperialism in Asia. Columbus to New World