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15th Century Mariners: China and Portugal

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Presentation on theme: "15th Century Mariners: China and Portugal"— Presentation transcript:

1 15th Century Mariners: China and Portugal
Perceptions and Motivations Tuesday, January 19

2 Chinese History Isolation Barbarians Imperial Rule Confucianism
Agriculture versus trade Silk and porcelain

3 Ming Dynasty – 1368-1644 Anti-Mongol Hongwu Neo-Confucianism
Yongle and Zheng He Tribute Kow-tow Middle Earth

4 Portugal Iberian Peninsula Natural resources Trade Italian city-states
Oceanic access Catholicism – ‘Defender of the Faith’ Crusader spirit

5 Portugal Cueta Government Henry the Navigator Sagres Reconquista
Indian Ocean Maritime System

6 Motivations and Perceptions - Social
Ming Dynasty Portugal Outsiders were barbarians Chinese should be happy at home Confucian values Huge population Greater social mobility Small population

7 Motivations and Perceptions - Political
Ming Dynasty Portugal Voyages of Zheng He promoted by Emperor Yongle Future Ming emperors wanted to protect the northern borders Confucian court scholars opposed the voyages Chinese military easily dominated the Indian Ocean Kings supported and rewarded exploration and trade The Portuguese had a powerful navy relative to the Indian Ocean Compared to the Chinese, Portugal’s military was quite weak Portugal wanted to weaken their Islamic and Italian adversaries

8 Motivations and Perceptions - Geography
Ming Dynasty Portugal Large landmass Isolated Abundant natural resources Small landmass Surrounded by Spain Great access to the ocean

9 Motivations and Perceptions - Cultural
Ming Dynasty Portugal Confucian philosophy Buddhist, Daoist and ancestor veneration Isolationist culture Inventive society Catholic ‘Defender of the Faith’ Crusader spirit (reconquista) Anti-Islam Technology at Sagres

10 Motivations and Perceptions - Economic
Ming Dynasty Portugal World’s largest economy Agriculture as economic generator Silk and porcelain in high demand Government wanted to control trade revenues Merchants not highly valued Small economy Limited agriculture Heavy reliance on trade and seafaring Wanted to bypass Italian middlemen & gain direct access

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