1. New Unit: Exploration and Expansion In our last unit you learned about an important event in Europe called the Renaissance. Why was the Renaissance a key event in history? Our new unit builds upon the ideas of the Renaissance as we will see several European countries start to explore and expand their power. BR – Why do you think explorers wanted to sail to find new lands?

2. Main Idea During the 1400’s and 1500’s European explorers – inspired by greed, curiosity, and the desire for glory, and aided by new technologies, sailed to many previously unknown lands. What do YOU know about the Age of Exploration? Can you name any famous explorers?

3. European Geography by 1500 By the year 1400, much of Europe was claimed and settled by the different cultural and political groups of Europe. Early nations were forming and the competition for power had begun by the end of the century.

4. Mapping 1500s Europe Complete the following Tasks onto your notes map. 1. Title your map “Europe in the Age of Exploration.” 2. Visit www.euratlas.com and link to the “History of Europe” map section (or use the maps in your textbook). Find the map for the year 1500.www.euratlas.com 3. Label the following onto your map: 1. Portugal, Spain, France, England, Netherlands, Holy Roman Empire, Italian City-States (part of HRE) 2. Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, English Channel

5. Sparking Interest for Europeans

6. Crusades Search online or in your text to answer the following questions: 1. What were the Crusades? 2. When did the Crusades take place? 3. What was the outcome of the Crusades for Europe? 4. How did the Crusades influence the Age of Exploration?

7. Muslim Expansion Search online or in your text to answer the following questions: 1. Where was the Muslim empire located by 1400? 2. What advancements had the Muslims made by 1400? 3. Why did the Europeans NOT like the Muslim’s success and influences? 4. How did the Muslim’s success influence the Age of Exploration for Europeans?

8. Marco Polo Search online or in your text to answer the following questions: 1. Who was Marco Polo? 2. When did Marco Polo travel? 3. What were Marco Polo’s experiences in his travels? 4. How did the Marco Polo’s travels influence the Age of Exploration?

9. Italian Trade Search online or in your text to answer the following questions: 1. What advantages did Italy have in trade with Africa and Asia? 2. What goods were traded by the Italians through Constantinople and across the Mediterranean Sea from the early land-based trade routes (Silk Road)? 3. How did the Italian’s control of the land trade influence the Age of Exploration?

10. The Sunken Ship Activity The Motives, Changes, Tools, and Advancements that Allowed the Age of Exploration

11. Sunken Ship Directions: As you pull treasure cards from the sunken ship, log them into your notes where most appropriate: Motivations/Changes Tools/Advancements Motivations: Changes: Tools: Advancements:

12. GOD Europeans sent out missionaries to convert the “savages” and Muslims to Christianity.

13. GOLD European explorers were interested in finding goods (spices, natural resources, etc.) that they could take back to Europe and sell.

14. GLORY European explorers wanted o claim land for their supporting country and then receive a hero’s welcome when they returned from their voyage.

15. COMPASS A Chinese invention which used the magnetic poles to calculate direction.

16. ASTROLABE Tool using the stars to better locate ship’s location at sea.

17. CARAVEL Smaller, faster ships that could maneuver in shallow waters.

18. LATEEN SAILS A new sail which was triangular in shape and mounted at an angle, allowing the ships to gather wind for faster travel.

19. Cartography Mapmaking skill increased and new maps allowed explorers to travel further with greater confidence.

20. Cannons New defensive weapon allowed ships to sail safely, protecting their goods from pirates and other competing nations.

21. Central Governments New central governments needed revenue from trade goods to finance the building of their new nations.

22. Political Rivalries New nations began to compete for political power within Europe. With limited resources in Europe, the competition for control led out of Europe.

23. Strong Monarchs Strong monarchs in growing nations wanted to fund the explorations out of curiosity, for increased prestige and power, and for greed.

24. Joint Stock Companies Corporations made up of individuals formed, sharing in the risk of funding explorations. When the sailings were successful, the investors made great profits.

25. Theory of Mercantilism This theory suggested that there was only so much value distributed around the world. Europeans began to rush to gain control of as much territory as they could to take claim of that value and the wealth they believed would come from it.

26. The Age of Exploration Begins Portugal led the way and Spain quickly followed. Prince Henry the Navigator Member of Royal Family Set up Navigation Schools in 1418 Taught Geography & Navigation Three Main Goals Learn more about other lands Bring Christianity to Africa and Asia Find Sea Route to Asia around Africa

27. Unspoken Goals of Prince Henry Take over trade areas from Muslims Take control of African slave trade Help Portugal grow rich and powerful thru trade Sent out Explorers to push further and further and advanced mapmaking for newest sea and land routes

28. Exit Slip 1. What were the 3 biggest reasons for exploration during the Age of Exploration? (The 3 Gs) 2. Which of the 3 do you think most encouraged the explorers? Why?