Chapter 3 Section 1 Three States of Matter

SOLIDS DEFINITE SHAPE AND DEFINITE VOLUME TOO CLOSE TO MOVE AROUND SO THEY VIBRATE IN PLACE

THERE ARE TWO KINDS OF SOLIDS 1 CRYSTALLINE = VERY ORDERLY, 3-D ARRANGEMENT OF PARTICLES REPEATING PATTERN OF ROWS DIAMONDS, IRON, ICE

AMORPHOUS - NO SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT OR PARTICLES, NO PATTERN GLASS RUBBER WAX 2

LIQUIDS SHAPE CHANGE LIQUIDS CAN CHANGE SHAPE BUT NOT VOLUME THE SHAPE OF THIS LIQUID WILL CHANGE ACCORDING TO THE CONTAINER IS IT IN. WHY? THE MOLECULES MOVE FAST ENOUGH TO SLIDE PAST ONE ANOTHER TO FILL THE AREA INSIDE THE CONTAINER

WHY DOESN'T THE VOLUME CHANGE? IF THE VOLUME STARTED AT 1 L ON THE LEFT, IT IS STILL 1 L IN THE GLASS ON THE RIGHT

LIQUIDS HAVE UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS 1. SURFACE TENSION - THE FORCE THAT ACTS ON THE PARTICLES OF A LIQUID AT ITS SURFACE 2. VISCOSITY - A LIQUID'S RESISTANCE TO FLOW

SURFACE TENSION CAUSES SOME LIQUIDS TO FORM SPHERICAL DROPS

VISCOSITY "YOU ARE AS SLOW AS MOLASSES" THE THICKER THE LIQUID THE MORE RESISTANCE IT HAS TO FLOW

GASES GASES CHANGE IN BOTH SHAPE AND VOLUME GAS PARTICLES MOVE SO FAST THEY CAN BREAK AWAY FROM ONE ANOTHER. THIS MEANS THE AMOUNT OF EMPTY SPACE BETWEEN THE PARTICLES OF GAS CAN CHANGE THE PARTICLES IN THE TANK ARE CLOSER TOGETHER BECAUSE THEY ARE COMPRESSED. THOSE IN THE BALLOON HAVE MORE SPACE TO MOVE.

Temperature, Pressure, and Gases There is water inside the kernel. When heated it turns to a gas and expands because the pressure inside is greater than outside.

CHAPTER 3 - STATES OF MATTER I. SECTION 1 THREE STATES OF MATTER A. PARTICLES OF MATTER 1. STATES OF MATTER - THE PHYSICAL FORMS OF MATTER, WHICH INCLUDES SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, AND GASES 2. ATOMS = THE TINY PARTICLES THAT MAKE UP ALL MATTER a. THEY ARE ALWAYS IN MOTION AND THE WAY THEY INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER DETERMINE WHETHER THEY ARE A SOLID, LIQUID, OR GAS B. SOLIDS - THE STATE OF MATTER IN WHICH THE VOLUME AND SHAPE OF A SUBSTANCE ARE FIXED 1. SOLIDS HAVE DEFINITE SHAPE AND VOLUME a. PARTICLES IN A SOLID ARE VERY CLOSE TOGETHER, THEY VIBRATE IN PLACE, THEIR MOVEMENT CANNOT OVERCOME THE ATTRACTION BETWEEN THEM THAT LOCKS THEM IN PLACE

2. THERE ARE TWO KINDS OF SOLIDS a. CRYSTALLINE - VERY ORDERLY, 3-D, REPEATING PATTERN OF ROWS (1) DIAMONDS, IRON AND ICE b. AMORPHOUS - NO SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT, NO PATTERN (2) GLASS, RUBBER, AND WAX C. LIQUIDS 1. LIQUIDS CHANGE SHAPE BUT NOT VOLUME a. LIQUIDS - THE STATE OF MATTER THAT HAS A DEFINITE VOLUME BUT NOT SHAPE (1) PARTICLES MOVE FAST ENOUGH TO OVERCOME SOME OF THE ATTRACTION, ENOUGH TO SLIDE PASSED EACH OTHER (2) VOLUME DOESN'T CHANGE EASILY, CANNOT EXPAND OR COMPRESS LIQUIDS EASILY

2. LIQUIDS HAVE UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS a. SURFACE TENSION - THE FORCE THAT ACTS ON THE SURFACE OF A LIQUID AND TENDS TO MINIMIZE THE AREA OF THE SURFACE (1) WATER DROPLETS BEAD UP b. VISCOSITY - THE RESISTANCE OF A LIQUID OR GAS TO FLOW (1) THINK OF SUPER THICK SYRUP D. GASES 1. GASES CHANGE IN BOTH SHAPE AND VOLUME a. GAS - FORM OF MATTER THAT DOES NOT HAVE A DEFINITE SHAPE OR VOLUME b. PARTICLES MOVE VERY QUICKLY, CAN BREAK AWAY COMPLETELY, AND HAVE LESS ATTRACTION THEN BOTH SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS c. THE AMOUNT OF EMPTY SPACE IS GREAT AND CAN BE COMPRESSED OR EXPANDED TO CHANGE THE VOLUME.