1. Ch.3, Sec.1 – Five States of Matter
states of matter: the physical forms of matter, which include solid, liquid, gas, plasma, & Bose-Einstein condensate
solid: the state of matter in which the volume and shape of a substance are fixed
- particles of a solid are packed close together and vibrate in place
- there are two kinds of solids: crystalline (these have an orderly 3D pattern of particles like diamonds) and amorphous (these have no particular pattern of particles like glass)

2. Ch.3, Sec.1 – Five States of Matter
liquid: the state of matter that has a definite volume, but not a definite shape
- particles in liquids move fast enough to overcome some of the attractions between them
- liquids can change shape, but do not change volume easily
surface tension: the force that acts on the surface of a liquid and tends to minimize the area of the surface

3. Ch.3, Sec.1 – Five States of Matter
- water forms spherical drops & gasoline forms flat drops due to different surface tensions
viscosity: the resistance of a gas or liquid to flow
- honey has a higher viscosity than water because its molecules have a stronger attraction

4. Ch.3, Sec.1 – Five States of Matter
gas: a form of matter that does not have a definite volume or shape
- particles in gases have less attraction between them and therefore can be compressed to push the particles closer together

5. Ch.3, Sec.1 – Five States of Matter
plasma: a form of matter similar to gas, but with ionized particles (a loss or gain of electrons due to extreme heating)
- plasma does not have a definite volume or shape and reacts strongly to electromagnetic fields
- plasma is the most abundant state of matter in the Universe!

6. Ch.3, Sec.1 – Five States of Matter
Bose-Einstein condensate: a form of matter formed near absolute zero when atoms begin to come apart and clump together into one “super atom”
- only form of matter with basically no energy and is the least abundant state of matter in the Universe

7. Ch.3, Sec.1 – Five States of Matter
this is the order of the states of matter based upon their abundance in the Universe:
1. plasma
2. gas
3. solid
4. liquid
5. Bose-Einstein condensate