© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 12 Blood

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Blood Average adult body has 8-10 pints of blood Function of the blood –Transport –Regulation –Protection

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Blood Composition Plasma Erythrocytes or red blood cells Leukocytes or white blood cells Thrombocytes or platelets

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Blood Plasma Straw colored Constitutes about 55% of blood volume Water –92% of the total volume of plasma Plasma proteins –Fibrinogen –Albumin –Globulin

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Blood Plasma Nutrients Electrolytes Hormones, vitamins, and enzymes Metabolic waste products

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Red Blood Cells (RBCs) Hematopoiesis is the formation of all blood cells Occurs in the red bone marrow Certain lymphatic tissue produces some white blood cells Develop from stem cells

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Erythropoiesis The manufacture of red blood cells (RBCs) RBCs live about 120 days Process of development and breakdown Normal ranges

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Hemoglobin Erythrocytes contain a red pigment called hemoglobin Made of a protein molecule called globin and an iron compound called heme Function of RBCs Normal ranges Hemolysis

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. White Blood Cells (WBCs) Called leukocytes Natural defense against injury and disease Types of leukocytes –Granulocytes –Agranulocytes Diapedesis Normal ranges

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Types of WBCs – Granulocytes Made from cells called myeloblasts Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Types of WBCs – Agranulocytes Lymphocytes –B-lymphocytes –T-lymphocytes Monocytes

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Inflammation Occurs when living tissue is damaged in any way Signs and symptoms –Redness –Local heat –Swelling –Pain The inflammatory process

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Thrombocytes (blood platelets) Function in the initiation of the blood-clotting process Normal ranges Blood-clotting or coagulation process is complex

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Coagulation Injury leads to release of serotonin and thromboplastin Prothrombin converts to thrombin Fibrinogen converts to fibrin Clot Clotting time norms

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Blood Types Types –A –B –AB –O Antigens and antibodies

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Blood Types Agglutination Recipient and donor matching Universal donors RH factors

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Blood Norms Bleeding time Coagulation time Hemoglobin count Platelet count Prothrombin time

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Blood Norms Sedimentation rate Red blood cell count White blood cell count Hematocrit Cholesterol level

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Disorders of the Blood Anemia Iron-deficiency anemia Pernicious anemia Aplastic anemia Sickle cell anemia

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Disorders of the Blood Cooley’s anemia Polycythemia Embolism Thrombosis Hematoma

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Disorders of the Blood Hemophilia Thrombocytopenia Leukemia Multiple myeloma Septicemia

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Bone Marrow Transplants Autologous bone marrow transplant Allogenic bone marrow transplant –Identical twin –Parent –Unrelated –Umbilical cord

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Bone Marrow Transplants Bone marrow transplant procedure Engraftment