The Present Perfect Tense

Form Present tense of “have” + past participle of the main verb We form the past participle of regular verbs by adding -ed to the verb. Complain-complained.

use We use the present perfect:  for actions which started in the past and continue up to the present. He has worked as a salesman for two years.  To talk about a past action which has a visible result in the present. Look at Tom. He’s sad because he has failed his exam.  For actions which happened at an unstated time in the past. The action is more important than the time. He has talked to Maria.(When?We don’t know; it’s not important)

Use  With “today”, “this morning/afternoon/week”, “so far”, etc when these periods of time are not finished at the time of speaking. He has drunk two cups of coffee today.  For recently completed actions. She has done the shopping.  For personal experiences/changes which have happened She has cut her hair short recently.  To put emphasis on a number. She has been to the gym 7 times this week.

Time expressions Used with the present perfect: just, already,yet,for,since,ever,never,etc.

Form V3V3 regularirregular answeredSee – saw – seen

Types of question 1. Has he failed his exam? 2. Who has failed his exam. 3. He has failed his exam, hasn’t he? 4. What has he failed? 5. Has he failed his exam or passed it?

Ответьте на вопросы: 1. Что обозначает Present Perfect? Дайте пример употребления. 2. Как образуется Present Perfect? 3. Как строится общий вопрос в Present Perfect? 4. Укажите показатели времени в Present Perfect. 5. Чем отличаются Present Perfect и Past Simple?