1. PAST TENSE

2. VERBS

3. Past Time: General or Specific (Definite) SIMPLE PAST
STRUCTURE
For regular verbs use “ed”
For irregular verbs use the past form

4. Past Time: General or Specific (Definite) SIMPLE PAST
USE
action in the past taking place once, never or several times
Example: He visited his parents every weekend.
actions in the past taking place one after the other
Example: He came in, took off his coat and sat down.
action in the past taking place in the middle of another action
Example: When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang.
if sentences type II (If I talked, …)
Example: If I had a lot of money, I would share it with you.
SIGNAL WORDS
yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday

5. Past Time: General or Specific (Definite) PAST PROGRESSIVE
The past progressive puts emphasis on the course of an action in the past.
STRUCTURE
Was / Were + Base Form + ing

6. Past Time: General or Specific (Definite) PAST PROGRESSIVE
USE
puts emphasis on the course of an action in the past
Example: He was playing football.
two actions happening at the same time (in the past)
Example: While she was preparing dinner, he was washing the dishes.
action going on at a certain time in the past
Example: When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang.
SIGNAL WORDS
when, while, as long as

7. Past Time: General or Specific (Definite) Simple Past or Past Progressive

8. Past Time: General or Specific (Definite) Simple Past or Past Progressive
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or past progressive)
When I (do) the washing-up, I (break) a plate.
While Tom (play) the piano, his mother (do) the washing-up.
He (drink) some juice and then he (eat) a few chips.
I (have) dinner when I suddenly (hear) a loud bang.
When my father (work) in the garden, an old friend (pass) by to see him.
She (go) to school, (take) out her textbook and (begin) to learn.
When it (start) to rain, our dog (want) to come inside.
When Jane (do) a language course in Ireland, she (visit) Blarney Castle.
When I (be) on my way home, I (see) an accident.
I (not / understand) what they (talk) about

9. Past Time: Not Specific (Indefinite) PRESENT PERFECT
Expresses an action that is still going on or that stopped recently, but has an influence on the present. It puts emphasis on the result.
STRUCTURE
Has / Have + Past Participle

10. Past Time: Not Specific (Indefinite) PRESENT PERFECT
USE
puts emphasis on the result
Example: She has written five letters.
action that is still going on
Example: School has not started yet.
action that stopped recently
Example: She has cooked dinner.
finished action that has an influence on the present
Example: I have lost my key.
action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking
Example: I have never been to Australia.
SIGNAL WORDS
already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now

11. SIMPLE PAST OR PRESENT PERFECT

12. PRESENT PERFECT EXERCISES
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).
A: (you / taste / ever) sushi?
B: Yes, I (eat) sushi at least five times so far.
A: When (you / eat) sushi for the first time?
B: I (eat) sushi for the first time on my dad's 50th birthday. He (invite) the whole family to a Japanese restaurant.
A: (you / like) it?
B: Absolutely. In fact, it (be) so good that we (be) to that restaurant three times yet. And on my mum's birthday, we (order) some sushi and (have) it at home.

13. Past Time: Not Specific (Indefinite) PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
The present perfect progressive expresses an action that recently stopped or is still going on. It puts emphasis on the duration or course of the action.
STRUCTURE
Has / Have + been + verb + ing

14. Past Time: Not Specific (Indefinite) PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
USE
puts emphasis on the duration or course of an action (not the result)
Example: She has been writing for two hours.
action that recently stopped or is still going on
Example: I have been living here since 2001.
finished action that influenced the present
Example: I have been working all afternoon.
SIGNAL WORDS
all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the whole week

15. PRESENT PERFECT OR PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

16. PRESENT PERFECT OR PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

17. Past Time: Before a time in the past PAST PERFECT
The past perfect simple expresses an action taking place before a certain time in the past.
STRUCTURE
Had + Past Participle

18. Past Time: Before a time in the past PAST PERFECT
USE
action taking place before a certain time in the past (putting emphasis only on the fact, not the duration) Example: Before I came here, I had spoken to Jack.
Conditional Sentences Type III (condition that was not given in the past) Example: If I had seen him, I would have talked to him.
SIGNAL WORDS
already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day (with reference to the past, not the present)

19. PAST PERFECT EXERCISES
Write sentences in present perfect simple.
we / reach / our goal - 
our team / lose / the match - 
she / underline / the word - 
they / not / discover / the treasure - 
Ron / not / talk / about the problem - 

20. Past Time: Before a time in the past PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
The past perfect progressive puts emphasis on the course or duration of an action taking place before a certain time in the past.
STRUCTURE
Had been + Base form + ing

21. Past Time: Before a time in the past PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
USE
action taking place before a certain time in the past
sometimes interchangeable with past perfect simple
puts emphasis on the course or duration of an action
SIGNAL WORDS
for, since, the whole day, all day