Persia and Greece: Interactions and Growth

Revolt and War 546 BCE – Cyrus/Persia control Greek centers in Asia 546 BCE – Cyrus/Persia control Greek centers in Asia 499 BCE – Ionian Revolt 499 BCE – Ionian Revolt 490 BCE – Eretria and Athens (Marathon) 490 BCE – Eretria and Athens (Marathon)

480 BCE – Xerxes led HUGE invasion 480 BCE – Xerxes led HUGE invasion Hellenic League – resistance Hellenic League – resistance Thermopylae, Athens Thermopylae, Athens Salamis, Plataea – Persians defeated Salamis, Plataea – Persians defeated 477 BCE - Athenian navy – Delian League 477 BCE - Athenian navy – Delian League Liberate Greek colonies from Persia Liberate Greek colonies from Persia

Why would some Eretrians have sold out their city to the Persians? Why would some Eretrians have sold out their city to the Persians? What resources did the Persians and Greeks have at their disposal during the Persian – Greek wars? What “Achilles’ heel” did each have? What resources did the Persians and Greeks have at their disposal during the Persian – Greek wars? What “Achilles’ heel” did each have?

Athens: Naval Power Late 6 th c. BCE – trireme Late 6 th c. BCE – trireme Hoplites vs. rowers Hoplites vs. rowers Domination of weaker polis - $$ Domination of weaker polis - $$ Funded: democracy, public building projects (Acropolis), and cultural achievements (festivals, tragedies) Funded: democracy, public building projects (Acropolis), and cultural achievements (festivals, tragedies)

What is paradoxical about Athenian democracy? What is paradoxical about Athenian democracy?

Philosophers Sophists = spin doctors Sophists = spin doctors Socrates – question, “know nothing”, execution in 399 BCE Socrates – question, “know nothing”, execution in 399 BCE Plato – philosopher – kings, mysticism, WROTE IT DOWN Plato – philosopher – kings, mysticism, WROTE IT DOWN Aristotle – tutor for Alexander the Great, founder of modern disciplines Aristotle – tutor for Alexander the Great, founder of modern disciplines

How did the death of Socrates impact Plato’s views on government? How did the death of Socrates impact Plato’s views on government?

Athenian Society 10 – 15% of population citizens 10 – 15% of population citizens SLAVERY HUGE – domestic SLAVERY HUGE – domestic Women (Sparta vs. Athens) Women (Sparta vs. Athens) Marriage Marriage Public vs. private roles Public vs. private roles Bisexuality - purpose Bisexuality - purpose

How did Greek slavery differ from other forms in the ancient world?

Peloponnesian War Causes of unrest Causes of unrest Spartan vs. Athenian alliance systems Spartan vs. Athenian alliance systems Pericles – fortification Pericles – fortification 404 BCE – Spartan victory 404 BCE – Spartan victory Warfare between polis Warfare between polis King’s Peace 387 BCE – Persia back in control of Greek colonies in Asia King’s Peace 387 BCE – Persia back in control of Greek colonies in Asia

Macedonians Phillip II Phillip II Hoplites/cavalry/catapults Hoplites/cavalry/catapults 338 BCE – Confederacy of Corinth vs. Persia 338 BCE – Confederacy of Corinth vs. Persia Alexander the Great invades Asia in 334 BCE – REVENGE! Alexander the Great invades Asia in 334 BCE – REVENGE! Darius III – lost empire Darius III – lost empire Alexandria and Greek cities Alexandria and Greek cities Adoption of Persian administration, inclusion in government, legitimacy through marriage Adoption of Persian administration, inclusion in government, legitimacy through marriage

Why did the Persian empire fall so quickly?