HISTORY OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY By: Parveer Grewal

 In 1820 Charles Xavier invented the arithometer  Computer historians start the timeline of computers several thousand years ago  Computers started with the development of the abacus  Hollerith formed the tabulating machine in 1896  In 1812, Charles Babbage, a member of England's royal astronomical society recognized the harmony between mathematics and machines OVERVIEW

 Frist generation were introduced during world war II  The project to develop the ENIAC started in 1943 and completed in 1946  The ENIAC contained 19,000 transistor tubes  The U.S army ordnance department and the university of Pennsylvania develop the ENIAC  It could calculate a 60-second trajectory in 30 seconds  Only consumed 200 kilowatts of power FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS

 First build in 1956,were used by transistors  Transistor were smaller and faster computers  Computer scientists developed high-level languages such as COBOL  Computer programming also changed during this period  During this time printers and other hardware were advanced  Machine language and assembly language were introduced  FORTRAN was used in writing programs  COBOL means common business oriented language SECOND-GENERATION COMPUTERS

 Third generation computers were introduced in the 1950’s  they were invented by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce  In third generation computer there was less heat than transistors  Chip was used during the third generation computers more then transistors  A chip is a small tiny packaged device electronic pathways  Microchips have revolutionized computers allowing them to shrink  They have become even smaller and reliable THIRD-GENERATION COMPUTERS

 Fourth generation computers appeared in 1974  The computer was called MITS Altair 8800  The only other pc’s were apple I and II and Commodore PET  Todays computers contain operating systems such as Windows and UNIX  They are much faster then other generation computers  Did you know by million PCs were used.  One of the first PC’S was IBM FOURTH-GENERATION COMPUTER

COMPUTER HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

 It would be impossible to work with computers without input or output devices  Other input devices include scanners and digitizing pads capable of translating handwriting to text  Your keyboard and mouse are not the only device that input data  Everyday there is always new technologies being explored  Without output devices we would have no idea whether the computer is doing the right thing  Output is basically like feedback it lets us know what's happening on the inside of computer  The most common output device today is your computer monitor  Another modern device is the printer  Printers facilitate the transfer of information from the computer to paper DEFINE HARDWARE AND INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES

 maybe the single most important component of a computer is the central processing unit also know as the CPU.  The CPU is basically the brains of the computer  Transistors lie at the heart of the CPU  All of information that flows through the CPU  The CPU performs very basic functions but it’s capable of performing these operations millions and even billions of time every second  The CPU is capable of calculations but it has no memory  Random-access memory also know as RAM is a storage unit for the CPU.  RAM is not capable of holding large amount of data PROCESSORS AND MEMORY

 For long term storage your computer has a variety of devices to use CD-ROMS  Each of these use different techniques for storing and retrieving data  Storage capacity is a measure of how many bits of data the medium can store  The primary storage device in a computer is the hard drive  Hard drives typically store data on a series of magnetic recording platters  Hard drive capacity is increasing at a rapid rate  A typical storage device in use today is the recordable CD (CD-R)  Other types of removable storages are zip drives, and USB drives HARD DRIVES AND REMOVABLE STORAGE

 Networks can be used for connecting computers together  Only small business operate without networked computer  A growing number of networks transmit data via wireless links  Media connect the network from the individual computers, which are called nodes  Nodes can be connected to a central computer  Networks can be configured in various to best suit the users needs NETWORKS

 All the work you do on your computer needs a software  Can be divided into the following categories, systems and applicants  Can function s, word processers, PowerPoint, animation and games  Application software needs software to run  operating systems fall into many categories OPERATING SYSTEMS

 All computers involve with software  System software is low-level software  Operating systems fall into converting high-level programming  Software is divided into systems and applications  Application software cannot run without an a operating system SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS