Business English 2 for management LAST LECTURE

AFFIRMATIVE AGREEMENT SO and TOO Neither; Either -> reminder

Affirmative Agreement When indicating that one person or thing does something and then adding that another does the same.

Example 1.When a form of the verb be is used in the main clause, the same tense of the verb be is used in the simple statement that follows. affirmative statement (be) + and + subject + verb (be) + too so +verb (be) + subject e.g. I am happy. You are happy - I am happy and you are too - I am happy and so are you

Example e.g. I run very fast. She runs very fast - I run very fast and she does too - I run very fast and so does she Jill went to the cinema yesterday. So did I. She was at the library. So was I. Copy the auxiliary / be Change the verb to do/does/did Mind the subject

Negative Agreement Either and Neither can also function to simplify statements. However, either and neither are used to indicate negative agreement.

Correlative Connectors either or…neither nor I will take chemistry next. I will take physics next. I’ll take either chemistry or physics next. The book is not interesting. The book not accurate. The book is neither interesting nor accurate.

Negative Agreement Negative statement + and + subject + negative auxiliary or be + either either + positive auxiliary + subject e.g. I didn’t see Mary this morning. John didn’t see Mary this morning. - I didn’t see Mary this morning and John didn’t either - I didn’t see Mary this morning and neither did John

ANTECEDENTS OF PRONOUNS

Antecedents of pronouns It is a word that comes before a pronoun to which the pronoun refers. Following are definitions of antecedent as well as a review about the types of pronoun, information about the functions of an antecedent in a sentence, and examples of how to use in a sentence.

Rules if the antecedent is singular then the pronoun is singular If the subjects are joined by an “and” then the pronoun needs to be plural: –“Bob and Paul took their books. If the subjects are joined by “or” or “nor”, then have the pronoun agree with the subject that is closer, or closest, to the pronoun. –Either the singers or the actor messed up his performance.

Rules If the pronoun is referring to one thing or a unit, like a team or a jury, then the pronoun needs to be singular. –The jury has reached its verdict. –Measles is not as widespread as it once was. The singular indefinite pronouns need a singular pronoun: one, no one, some one, everyone, anyone, nobody, anybody, somebody, everybody, nothing, anything, something, everything, each, either, neither. Everything here has its own box.

Rules The plural indefinite pronouns: several, both, few, and many, need to have a plural pronoun –Several are there because of their looks. Indefinite pronoun that is being modified by a prepositional phrase, then the object of the phrase will determine the agreement between the pronoun and its antecedent. These special indefinite pronouns are: some, most, all, any, or none. –Most of the flour fell out of its canister” Flour is uncountable –Many of the gems have lost their shine If the object. Gems is countable

OTHER THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW Leftovers? L.O.L.

Dangling construction Modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that add description. In clear, logical sentences, It is often found right next to—either in front of or behind—the target words they logically describe. Dangling modifiers are errors. Their poor construction confuses readers.

Dangling construction example Hungry, the leftover pizza was devoured. Hungry is a single-word adjective. Notice that there is no one in the sentence for this modifier to describe. Fixing a dangling modifier will require more than rearranging the words in the sentence. something new is often need to be added so that the modifier finally has a target word to describe: Hungry, we devoured the leftover pizza.