1. Pronouns 11 English Grammar Review

2. Nominative Case The nominative case of a personal pronoun is used when the pronoun functions as a subject or a predicate nominative. (I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they) Ex: I went on the trip. Carl and she came to the party. It was he who led the exposition. The nominative case of a personal pronoun is used when the pronoun functions as a subject or a predicate nominative. (I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they) Ex: I went on the trip. Carl and she came to the party. It was he who led the exposition.

3. Objective Case The objective case of a personal pronoun is used when the pronoun functions as a direct object, an indirect object, or the object of a preposition. (me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them) Ex: The group found me after a day-long search. The stranger gave us the treasure map. Mary climbed the mountain with Josh and me. The objective case of a personal pronoun is used when the pronoun functions as a direct object, an indirect object, or the object of a preposition. (me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them) Ex: The group found me after a day-long search. The stranger gave us the treasure map. Mary climbed the mountain with Josh and me.

4. Now You Try Complete questions 1-12 and 1-10 on page 107 of your grammar workbook. Complete questions 1-12 and 1-10 on page 107 of your grammar workbook.

5. Personal Pronouns Personal pronouns that show ownership or relationship are in the possessive case. They can be used in two ways: Personal pronouns that show ownership or relationship are in the possessive case. They can be used in two ways: 1. The possessive pronouns mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its, and theirs can be used in place of a noun. Ex: Can I see yours? Mine is missing.

6. Personal Pronouns 2. The possessive pronouns my, our, your, his, her, its, and their can be used to modify a noun or a gerund. Ex: Our searching the area led to their discovery.

7. Now You Try Complete questions 1-5 and 1-15 on page 109 of your grammar workbook. Complete questions 1-5 and 1-15 on page 109 of your grammar workbook.

8. Who and Whom The case of the pronoun who is determined by its function in the sentence. The case of the pronoun who is determined by its function in the sentence. The nominative pronoun who is used as a subject or a predicate pronoun. Ex: Who discovered radium? The scientist was who? The nominative pronoun who is used as a subject or a predicate pronoun. Ex: Who discovered radium? The scientist was who? The objective pronoun whom is used as a direct object, and indirect object, or the object of a preposition. Ex: Whom did Marie Curie marry? With whom did she work? The objective pronoun whom is used as a direct object, and indirect object, or the object of a preposition. Ex: Whom did Marie Curie marry? With whom did she work?

9. Now You Try Complete questions 1-13 on page 112 of your grammar workbook. Complete questions 1-13 on page 112 of your grammar workbook.

10. Pronoun Antecedent Agreement A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in number, gender, and person. A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in number, gender, and person. If the antecedent of a pronoun is singular, use a singular pronoun, if the antecedent is plural, use a plural pronoun. Ex: Armstrong knew early in life that he wanted a career in aviation. Armstrong and Aldrin have taken their place in history. If the antecedent of a pronoun is singular, use a singular pronoun, if the antecedent is plural, use a plural pronoun. Ex: Armstrong knew early in life that he wanted a career in aviation. Armstrong and Aldrin have taken their place in history.

11. Pronoun Antecedent Agreement A pronoun that refers to nouns or pronouns joined by or or nor should agree with the noun or pronoun nearest to it. Ex: Neither the astronauts nor NASA neglected its duties. Neither NASA nor the astronauts neglected their duties. A pronoun that refers to nouns or pronouns joined by or or nor should agree with the noun or pronoun nearest to it. Ex: Neither the astronauts nor NASA neglected its duties. Neither NASA nor the astronauts neglected their duties.

12. Pronoun Antecedent Agreement A pronoun that refers to a collective noun should be singular if the collective noun names a group acting as a unit and plural if the noun names the members or parts of a group acting individually. Ex: The crew is completing its countdown. The crew will carry out their assignments. A pronoun that refers to a collective noun should be singular if the collective noun names a group acting as a unit and plural if the noun names the members or parts of a group acting individually. Ex: The crew is completing its countdown. The crew will carry out their assignments.

13. Pronoun Antecedent Agreement The gender of a pronoun must be the same as the gender of its antecedent. When the antecedent could be either feminine or masculine, use the phrase “he or she” or “his or her.” During the flight, the astronaut conducts his or her experiments. The gender of a pronoun must be the same as the gender of its antecedent. When the antecedent could be either feminine or masculine, use the phrase “he or she” or “his or her.” During the flight, the astronaut conducts his or her experiments.

14. Now You Try Complete questions 1-5 and 1-15 on page 116 of your grammar workbook. Complete questions 1-5 and 1-15 on page 116 of your grammar workbook.

15. Indefinite Pronouns An indefinite pronoun may be the antecedent of a personal pronoun. An indefinite pronoun may be the antecedent of a personal pronoun. Use a singular pronoun to refer to a singular indefinite pronoun. (another, anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, neither, nobody, no one, one, somebody, someone) Ex: Each of the discoveries has its own special value. No one wants his or her discoveries discounted. Use a singular pronoun to refer to a singular indefinite pronoun. (another, anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, neither, nobody, no one, one, somebody, someone) Ex: Each of the discoveries has its own special value. No one wants his or her discoveries discounted.

16. Indefinite Pronouns Use a plural personal pronoun to refer to a plural indefinite pronoun. (both, few, many, several) Ex: Both of the scientists presented their findings at the meeting. Use a plural personal pronoun to refer to a plural indefinite pronoun. (both, few, many, several) Ex: Both of the scientists presented their findings at the meeting.

17. Indefinite Pronouns Some indefinite pronouns can be singular or plural. Use the meaning of the sentence to determine whether a personal pronoun that refers to such an indefinite pronoun should be singular or plural. (all, any, most, none, some, any) Ex: None of the gold lost its glitter. None of the guests left their seats. Some indefinite pronouns can be singular or plural. Use the meaning of the sentence to determine whether a personal pronoun that refers to such an indefinite pronoun should be singular or plural. (all, any, most, none, some, any) Ex: None of the gold lost its glitter. None of the guests left their seats.

18. Now You Try Complete questions 1-18 on page 118 of your grammar workbook. Complete questions 1-18 on page 118 of your grammar workbook.

19. Pronouns in Comparisons A comparison can be made by using than or as to begin a clause. Ex: Linda is more successful than he is. When you omit one or more words from the final clause in a comparison, the clause is said to be elliptical. If you have trouble determining the correct pronoun to use in an elliptical clause, fill in the unstated words. Ex: None of the guides were as experienced as he. (was) A comparison can be made by using than or as to begin a clause. Ex: Linda is more successful than he is. When you omit one or more words from the final clause in a comparison, the clause is said to be elliptical. If you have trouble determining the correct pronoun to use in an elliptical clause, fill in the unstated words. Ex: None of the guides were as experienced as he. (was)

20. Now You Try Complete questions 1-7 and 1-4 on page 121 of your grammar workbook. Complete questions 1-7 and 1-4 on page 121 of your grammar workbook.

21. Indefinite Pronoun Reference An indefinite pronoun reference occurs when the pronoun it, you, or they does not refer to a specific person or thing. You can fix this problem by rewording the sentence to eliminate the pronoun. Ex: It stated in the newspaper that the expedition was a success. The newspaper stated that the expedition was a success. In some schools, you can leave for lunch. In some schools, students can leave for lunch. An indefinite pronoun reference occurs when the pronoun it, you, or they does not refer to a specific person or thing. You can fix this problem by rewording the sentence to eliminate the pronoun. Ex: It stated in the newspaper that the expedition was a success. The newspaper stated that the expedition was a success. In some schools, you can leave for lunch. In some schools, students can leave for lunch.

22. Now You Try Complete questions 1-6 on page 24 of your grammar workbook. Complete questions 1-6 on page 24 of your grammar workbook.