Agricultural Engineering Part 2 Planning an Agricultural Engineering Project

0 Using drawing instruments 0 Simple project designs 0 The first item needed for the highest quality scaled drawing is a sharp lead pencil 0 A protractor is used for drawing and measuring angles 0 A good eraser helps make corrections without distorting the image 0 A 12-inch ruler will work for basic drawings 0 A compass is used for drawing circles and arches

Planning an Agricultural Engineering Project 0 More detailed plans 0 A drawing board is used for attaching the drawing paper 0 Masking tape is used to secure the drawing paper to the drawing board 0 The T square is helpful for drawing horizontal lines 0 The right triangle (30, 60, 90 degree triangle) in conjunction with the T square, is used to draw vertical lines 0 The scale is an instrument with all increments shortened according to proportion 0 Flat scale – looks similar to a ruler 0 Triangular scale – three sided, but six scales

Planning an Agricultural Engineering Project 0 Large scale projects 0 Use CAD (computer-aided design) for these projects 0 CAD can significantly reduce design time for large-scale projects

Basics of Drawing 0 A sketch is a rough drawing that is not to scale 0 A sketch does have dimensions included 0 A pictorial drawing shows all three dimensions at once 0 All three views, front, side (end), and top are in view

Basics of Drawing 0 A scale drawing is one that represents an object in exact proportion although the object is larger or smaller that the drawing itself 0 If the scale is ¼” = 1’, ¼” on the drawing would equal 1’ on the actual object 0 Therefore, a 2” line on the drawing would equal 8’ on the object 0 The scale will vary depending on the size of the object being drawing

Reading a Tape Ruler 0 Tape rulers display units of measure from both the U.S customary system and the metric system 0 Rules are marked to show halves, quarters, eights, and sixteenths of an inch 0 Typically, vertical lines of different heights represent these various intervals

Basic Construction Project Tips 0 Wood Projects 0 Fastest way to fasten wood is by nailing 0 A nail hammer or nail gun are the preferred tools for driving nails 0 Screws hold better than nails and are driven quickly with power screwdrivers 0 Flathead screw is the one most used in woodworking 0 Phillips head is preferred

Basic Construction Project Tips 0 Wood Projects con’t 0 Bolts are particularly useful for fastening wood at high stress points (i.e picnic table legs) 0 Gluing – a properly glued wood joint will be as strong as the wood itself 0 Gluing is often accompanied by nails, screws, ect. 0 Boards are held in place for gluing by clamps 0 Bar clamps are one type of clamp used

Wood Projects

Basic Construction Project Tips 0 Metal Projects 0 Steel is the most commonly used metal in agricultural mechanics 0 There is at least 4 kinds of steel 0 Marking steel for cutting presents a special problem as pencil marks generally do not show up well 0 Soapstone is a soft, gray rock that is cut into thin pieces resembling pencils 0 Soapstone shows up well on most metals 0 Hand tool most often used for cutting metal is the hacksaw 0 Hacksaws are useful for cutting thin conduit 0 Metal cutting band saws and power hacksaws may be used for large projects

Metal Projects